Oracle Share Pool内部管理机制的示例分析

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Oracle Share Pool内部管理机制的示例分析

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Oracle Share Pool内部管理机制的示例分析

Oracle Share Pool内部管理机制

SHARE POOL利用堆(HEAP)的内存管理方式管理,在物理上由多个内存区(EXTENT)组成,内存区又由多个不同大小的CHUNK组成。而CHUNK又有可重用和空闲之分,并且它们分别有LRU LIST、FREE LIST、RESERVED LIST串联起来。

堆管理

Shared Pool是利用堆内存管理方式管理的(KGH:Kernel Generic Heap).从Oracle 9i开始,可以有多个最高级堆(TOP-LEVLE HEAP),最高级堆可以分成多个副堆,副堆下面还拥有子堆。堆和副对结构基本相同。从物理上讲,一个堆由多个内存区已link list的形式连接组成。一个内存区物理上使用一个Granule,一个内存区由多个chunk组成,所以chunk是heap的最小内存单位。

Chunk的使用情况可由X$KSMSP内部视图查看。每个堆头上则包含了可使用的chunk列表和已使用的chunk列表。通过dump heap命令可以在trace文件中观察heap和extent的关系。

alter system set events immediate trace name heapdump level 2;

案例:

SQL> select name,bytes/1024/1024 from v$sgainfo; NAME                             BYTES/1024/1024 -------------------------------- --------------- Fixed SGA Size                        1.27566528 Redo Buffers                          5.59765625 Buffer Cache Size                            180 Shared Pool Size                             104 Large Pool Size                                4 Java Pool Size                                 4 Streams Pool Size                              0 Shared IO Pool Size                            0 Granule Size                                   4 Maximum SGA Size                         498.875 Startup overhead in Shared Pool               52 NAME                             BYTES/1024/1024 -------------------------------- --------------- Free SGA Memory Available                    200 12 rows selected. [oracle@node1 ~]$ more  /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod/trace/prod_ora_14983.trc Trace file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod/trace/prod_ora_14983.trc Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 System name:    Linux Node name:      node1 Release:        2.6.18-194.el5 Version:        #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010 Machine:        i686 Instance name: prod Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1 Oracle process number: 32 Unix process pid: 14983, p_w_picpath: oracle@node1 (TNS V1-V3) *** 2014-07-02 14:58:47.532 *** SESSION ID:(32.758) 2014-07-02 14:58:47.532 *** CLIENT ID:() 2014-07-02 14:58:47.532 *** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2014-07-02 14:58:47.532 *** MODULE NAME:(sqlplus@node1 (TNS V1-V3)) 2014-07-02 14:58:47.532 *** ACTION NAME:() 2014-07-02 14:58:47.532 KGH Latch Directory Information ldir state: 2  last allocated slot: 99 Slot [  1] Latch: 0x200065ec  Index: 1  Flags:  3  State: 2  next:  (nil) Slot [  2] Latch: 0x3e75571c  Index: 1  Flags:  3  State: 2  next:  (nil) ......(省略) Slot [ 99] Latch: 0x2002616c  Index: 1  Flags:  3  State: 2  next:  0x1 ****************************************************** HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap"  desc=0x200010b4  extent sz=0x7ad4 alt=124 het=32767 rec=9 flg=-126 opc=0  parent=(nil) owner=(nil) nex=(nil) xsz=0x0 heap=(nil)  fl2=0x60, nex=(nil)  ds for latch 1: 0x2002a990 0x2002b5c8 0x2002c200 0x2002ce38  reserved granule count 0 (granule size 4194304) ****************************************************** HEAP DUMP heap name="sga heap(1,0)"  desc=0x2002a990  extent sz=0xfc4 alt=124 het=32767 rec=9 flg=-126 opc=0  parent=(nil) owner=(nil) nex=(nil) xsz=0x400000 heap=(nil)  fl2=0x20, nex=(nil)  latch set 1 of 1  durations enabled for this heap  reserved granules for root 0 (granule size 4194304) EXTENT 0 addr=0x3b800000   Chunk 3b800038 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3b800050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3b833fe8 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3b834000 sz=  3981312    perm      "perm           "  alo=3290272 EXTENT 1 addr=0x3bc00000   Chunk 3bc00038 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3bc00050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3bc33fe8 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3bc34000 sz=  3510272    perm      "perm           "  alo=3510272   Chunk 3bf8d000 sz=   465920    perm      "perm           "  alo=465920   Chunk 3bffec00 sz=     5120    free      "               " EXTENT 2 addr=0x3c000000   Chunk 3c000038 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3c000050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3c033fe8 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3c034000 sz=  3850176    perm      "perm           "  alo=3850176   Chunk 3c3dffc0 sz=   131088    perm      "perm           "  alo=131088   Chunk 3c3fffd0 sz=       48    free      "               " EXTENT 3 addr=0x3c400000   Chunk 3c400038 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3c400050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3c433fe8 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3c434000 sz=  3980368    perm      "perm           "  alo=3980368   Chunk 3c7ffc50 sz=      944    free      "               " EXTENT 4 addr=0x3c800000   Chunk 3c800038 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3c800050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3c833fe8 sz=       24  R-freeable  "reserved stoppe"   Chunk 3c834000 sz=  3672700    perm      "perm           "  alo=3672700   Chunk 3cbb4a7c sz=   308240    perm      "perm           "  alo=308240   Chunk 3cbffe8c sz=      372    free      "               "

CHUNK

Chunk是以链条(chain)的方式存在于内存区,每个chunk包含header和body两部分,chunk的状态大体上可以分为free(可立即使用)、recreatable(可再生)、freeable(只有在session或call期间内保存必要的对象状态)、permanent(永久、不可再生)等,其中free和recreatable状态下的chunk可以重复使用。

FREE LIST

Free list主要用于管理空闲的chunk,并且是用bucket管理的。从Oracle 9i开始,一个heap总共255个bucket,bucket所包含的free chunk大小随bucket的编号增加而递增,个bucket下的free chunk已linked list的形式链接。

(1)获得shared pool latch在free list中查找合适大小的空闲chunk。如果在获取shared pool latch时发生了争用,则会出现latch:shared pool等待事件。这时Oracle会一直持有shared pool latch,直到获得所需的内存为止。所在内存碎片化比较严重的shared pool中,进程持有shared pool latch的时间也会相应变长。

(2)如果不存在合适大小的空闲chunk,则在查找到更大的空闲chunk后分割(split)使用,分割后剩下的内存区域则重新登记到free list中。分割内存意味着内存中的碎片开始增多。由于每个cursor所需内存的大小不同,所以shared pool的空闲内存不像buffer cache中的空闲内存一样具有固定大小。

(3)如果检索了free list也没有找到所有合适的空闲chunk,则检索lru list。lru list上的chunk是重建(recreatable)的,而且是当前不使用的(没有处于pin状态)。

(4)如果在lru list上也没有找到合适的chunk,且所请求的内存还没有达到隐含参数_shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc的阈值,则追加分配share pool中剩余的内存空间。

(5)如果以上请求的内存均失败,则出现ORA-4031错误

FREE LISTS:  Bucket 0 size=16  Bucket 1 size=20  Bucket 2 size=24  Bucket 3 size=28  Bucket 4 size=32  Bucket 5 size=36  Bucket 6 size=40  Bucket 7 size=44  Bucket 8 size=48   Chunk 3c3fffd0 sz=       48    free      "               "   Chunk 3ebfffd0 sz=       48    free      "               "  Bucket 9 size=52  Bucket 10 size=56  Bucket 11 size=60  Bucket 12 size=64  Bucket 13 size=68  Bucket 14 size=72  Bucket 15 size=76  Bucket 16 size=80  Bucket 17 size=84  Bucket 18 size=88   Chunk 3e7fffa8 sz=       88    free      "               "  Bucket 19 size=92  Bucket 20 size=96  Bucket 21 size=100  Bucket 22 size=104  Bucket 23 size=108  Bucket 24 size=112  Bucket 25 size=116  Bucket 26 size=120  Bucket 27 size=124 ......

LRU LIST

Lru list主要保存着当前未使用而且可以重建的chunk。当会话在free list中找不到空闲的chunk时,在会在lru list中寻找。

UNPINNED RECREATABLE CHUNKS (lru first):   Chunk3b1f4000 sz=4096    recreate  "CCUR^3de2d7f5  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3a649000 sz=     4096    recreate  "CCUR^f5a8106a  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 383b3000 sz=     4096    recreate  "CCUR^2b855a04  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 383b1000 sz=     4096    recreate  "CCUR^f65cc3ed  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3ee4c524 sz=      332    recreate  "KGLHD          "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3af76da8 sz=     4096    recreate  "SQLA^13df1501  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3a72e000 sz=     4096    recreate  "CCUR^13df1501  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk39ff96e0 sz=332    recreate  "KGLHD          "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3a37e740 sz=     4096    recreate  "SQLA^7a9f4a60  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 38330000 sz=     4096    recreate  "CCUR^7a9f4a60  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 39f8732c sz=      332    recreate  "KGLHD          "latch=(nil)   Chunk 3ab0dec4 sz=     4096    recreate  "SQLA^8005cf3c  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3a670000 sz=     4096    recreate  "CCUR^8005cf3c  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3ed28b1c sz=     1524    recreate  "KGLHD          "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 39cb0d20 sz=      332recreate"KGLHD          "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3aaeb214 sz=     4096    recreate  "SQLA^63c15ff   "  latch=(nil)   Chunk3a646000 sz=4096    recreate  "CCUR^63c15ff   "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 39ff9a38 sz=      540    recreate  "KQR PO         "latch=0x3ca28438   Chunk 3ee4c88c sz=      540    recreate  "KQR PO         "  latch=0x3ca28438   Chunk 3ee4caa8 sz=      540    recreate  "KQR PO         "  latch=0x3ca28438   Chunk 39fabd2c sz=      540    recreate  "KQR PO         "  latch=0x3ca28438   Chunk39fabf48 sz=540    recreate  "KQR PO         "  latch=0x3ca28438   Chunk 3ee481f8 sz=      540    recreate  "KQR PO         "latch=0x3ca28438   Chunk 3ee48414 sz=      540    recreate  "KQR PO         "  latch=0x3ca28438   Chunk 3ee48630 sz=      540recreate"KQR PO         "  latch=0x3ca28438   Chunk 3a1a1228 sz=     4096    recreate  "KGLS^9b4819a8  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk39b4a504 sz=4096    recreate  "KGLS^6ccccfe   "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3abf0fb4 sz=     4096    recreate  "KGLS^8db54da   "latch=(nil)   Chunk 3aa65508 sz=     4096    recreate  "KGLS^e2d7481e  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3a2839d0 sz=     4096    recreate  "KGLS^8dd845ff  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3abd4f78 sz=     4096    recreate  "KGLS^f79d229a  "  latch=(nil)

RESERVED FREE LIST

Oracle 设置了保留内存区域,该区域用 Reserved free list管理。其大小由参数shared_pool_reserved_size决定(最小为5000字节,最大不能超过shared pool的50%)。

RESERVED FREE LISTS:  Reserved bucket 0 size=16   Chunk 3dfffc14 sz=      980  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3dbffbe0 sz=     1032  R-free      "               "  Reserved bucket 1 size=4400  Reserved bucket 2 size=8204  Reserved bucket 3 size=8460  Reserved bucket 4 size=8464  Reserved bucket 5 size=8468  Reserved bucket 6 size=8472  Reserved bucket 7 size=9296  Reserved bucket 8 size=9300  Reserved bucket 9 size=12320  Reserved bucket 10 size=12324  Reserved bucket 11 size=16396  Reserved bucket 12 size=32780  Reserved bucket 13 size=65548   Chunk 3b800050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3bc00050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3c000050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3c400050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3c800050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3cc00050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3d3cb8b8 sz=   214832  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3d400050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3e000050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3e400050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3e800050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "   Chunk 3f000050 sz=   212888  R-free      "               "  Reserved bucket 14 size=1990630 Total reserved free space   =  2558612 UNPINNED RECREATABLE CHUNKS (lru first):   Chunk 3b1f4000 sz=     4096    recreate  "CCUR^3de2d7f5  "  latch=(nil)   Chunk 3a649000 sz=     4096    recreate  "CCUR^f5a8106a  "  latch=(nil) ......

Oracle对进入reserved free list的对象大小有限制,即只有大于_shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc隐含参数阈值(默认值4400)的cursor才能进入到reserved free list。

SHARED POOL的SUB POOL技术

       从Oracle 9i开始,shared pool可以分为多个sub pool,其数量受一下几个因素影响:

1、系统的CPU数量,默认情况下,在Oracle中每4个CPU分配一个sub pool,最多不能超过7个。

   2、共享池的大小。sub pool的最小容量随着Oracle版本不同而不同。

9i    ----- 128M(Minimum subpool size)

         10g<10.2.0.3    ---- 256M

          10.2.0.3 and higher   ---512M

3、隐含参数_kghdisdx_count值

每个sub pool拥有独立的free list 、lru list和shared pool latch。从这个角度来讲,当系统拥有足够的内存和CPU时,将shared pool分为多个sub pool时能有效的减少shared pool latch的争用。

查看sub pool的数量:

  kghlushrpool:                              =1: shared pool subpools                              =0: java pool  SQL> select count(kghluidx) num_pools   2                         from x$kghlu   3                         where kghlushrpool=1   4  /  NUM_POOLS ----------          1 SQL> show parameter cpu NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------ cpu_count                            integer     1

查看sub pool latch信息:

SQL> col name for a40 SQL> set linesize 120 SQL> r   1  select addr,name,gets,misses,spin_gets   2  from v$latch_children   3* where name =shared pool ADDR     NAME                                           GETS     MISSES  SPIN_GETS -------- ---------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 200A80FC shared pool                                      21          0          0 200A8098 shared pool                                      21          0          0 200A8034 shared pool                                      21          0          0 200A7FD0 shared pool                                      21          0          0 200A7F6C shared pool                                      21          0          0 200A7F08 shared pool                                      21          0          0 200A7EA4 shared pool                                  493378          7          0 7 rows selected.

查看sub pool 内存分配:

X$KSMSS([K]ernal [S]torage [M]emory Management [S]GA [S]atistics (lengths of SGA objects)

SQL> select   2     shared pool( || nvl(decode(to_char(ksmdsidx),0,0-unused,ksmdsidx),Total)   3     || ):  subpool,   4      sum(ksmsslen) bytes,round(sum (ksmsslen)/1048576 ,2 )  mb   5    from x$ksmss   6     whereksmsslen >0   7      group by rollup (ksmdsidx) order by subpool asc; SUBPOOL                                                     BYTES         MB ------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------shared pool(1):                                         121639892        116 sharedpool(Total):                                     121639892        116

SQL>

Oracle 硬解析

1、获得shared pool latch ,从free list的bucket 中查找合适大小的free chunk。如果free list中的bucket list过长或者shared pool碎片化严重,那么在多个进程同时请求分配内存时,则会发生shared pool latch的争用。

2、如果不存在大小合适的free chunk,则分割较大的free chunk,分割后的free chunk重新挂载到适当大小的bucket下。如果不存在free chunk,则检索lru list。若在lru list中也不能获得合适大小的bucket,则从shared pool的剩余空闲内存中分配。如果cursor大小大于_shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc隐含参数设定的阀值,那么在reserved list中寻找free chunk。若果以上过程均失败,则出现ORA-4031错误。

3、若找到合适大小的chunk,则对cursor相应的handle(library cache handle)以exclusive 模式获得library cache lock,并创建LCO信息。在创建LCO信息后,library cache lock变换为null模式,然后以exclusive模式获得library cache pin,并创建执行计划等信息。硬解析成功后Oracle增加parse count(hard)统计值。

4、对sql cursor已shared模式获得library cache lock和library cache pin,并执行sql,这个阶段称之为执行阶段。

   5、sql cursor执行结束后进入fetch阶段。在fetch阶段,sql cursor将library cache pin变为null模式,并释放library cache pin。

   软软解析

由于在软解析过程中需要获得library cache latch,所以在高并发软解析的系统中,依然会出现与latch:library cache相关的等待事件,从而导致性能缓慢。

软软解析(Tom Kety)核心原理是通过设置session_cache_cursors参数将某个会话中常用的sql放入UGA的会话缓存区中,当会话发起相同的sql时,可以快速的从UGA取得cursor的信息,从而减少共享池的争用。当一个cursor被解析3次以上(包括3次)就会被放入到UG会话缓存区中。

案例:shared pool latch 争用

案例1: 业务运行前: 17:07:30 SYS@ prod>select name,GETS,MISSES  from v$latch where upper(name) like %LIBRARY%  OR upper(name) like %SHARE%; NAME                                                                   GETS     MISSES ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- test shared non-parent l0                                                 0          0 ksxp shared latch                                                         0          0 kcfis stats shared latch                                                  0          0 shared pool                                                          126676         61 library cache load lock                                                   0          0 shared pool simulator                                                  6576          0 shared pool sim alloc                                                    45          0 Shared B-Tree                                                           302          0 shared server configuration                                               6          0 shared server info                                                        1          0 运行业务: 17:08:34 SCOTT@ prod>begin 17:08:38   2  for i in 1..100000 loop 17:08:52   3  execute immediate insert into t1 values (||i||); 17:09:18   4  end loop; 17:09:26   5  end; 17:09:27   6  / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 业务运行后: 17:11:05 SYS@ prod>select name,GETS,MISSES  from v$latch where upper(name) like %LIBRARY%  OR upper(name) like %SHARE% NAME                                                                   GETS     MISSES ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- test shared non-parent l0                                                 0          0 ksxp shared latch                                                         0          0 kcfis stats shared latch                                                  0          0 shared pool                                                         4526672        214 library cache load lock                                                   0          0 shared pool simulator                                               1086437          0 shared pool sim alloc                                                  2048          0 Shared B-Tree                                                           316          0 shared server configuration                                               6          0 shared server info                                                        1          0 10 rows selected. 17:15:42 SYS@ prod>select sid,event,WAIT_TIME,state from v$session_wait where sid=42        SID EVENT                                                             WAIT_TIME STATE ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- -------------------         42 latch: shared pool                                                       -1 WAITED SHORT TIME Elapsed: 00:00:00.08 案例2: 业务运行前: 17:18:35 SYS@ prod>select sid,EVENT,TOTAL_WAITS,AVERAGE_WAIT  from v$session_event where sid in (42,46);        SID EVENT                                                            TOTAL_WAITS AVERAGE_WAIT ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------         42 Disk file operations I/O                                                   4          .03         42 log file switch (private strand flush incomplete)                          1        10.03         42 log file sync                                                              4         1.76         42 db file sequential read                                                  385          .23         42 latch: row cache objects                                                   5          .44         42 latch: shared pool                                                       194          .25         42 SQL*Net message to client                                                 24            0         42 SQL*Net message from client                                               23       5318.9         42 SQL*Net break/reset to client                                              2          .08         42 events in waitclass Other                                                  1            0         46 Disk file operations I/O                                                   1          .03         46 db file sequential read                                                   33          .02         46 SQL*Net message to client                                                 13            0         46 SQL*Net message from client                                               12         79.9 14 rows selected. 运行业务: 17:16:39 SYS@ prod>select sid ,username from v$session where username is not null;        SID USERNAME ---------- ------------------------------          1 SYS         42 SCOTT         46 HR          17:17:22 SCOTT@ prod>begin 17:20:46   2  for i in 1..100000 loop 17:20:52   3  execute immediate insert into t1 values (||i||); 17:20:58   4  end loop; 17:21:02   5  end; 17:21:05   6  / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 17:17:42 HR@ prod>begin 17:21:16   2  for i in 1..100000 loop 17:21:24   3  execute immediate insert into scott.t1 values (||i||); 17:21:49   4  end loop; 17:21:51   5  end; 17:21:52   6  / PL/SQL procedure successfully completed. 业务运行后: 17:22:32 SYS@ prod>select sid,EVENT,TOTAL_WAITS,AVERAGE_WAIT  from v$session_event where sid in (42,46);        SID EVENT                                                            TOTAL_WAITS AVERAGE_WAIT ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------         42 Disk file operations I/O                                                   4          .03         42 latch: cache buffers chains                                               16          .18         42 buffer busy waits                                                          2          .15         42 log file switch (private strand flush incomplete)                          1        10.03         42 log file sync                                                              4         1.76         42 db file sequential read                                                  413          .21         42 latch: row cache objects                                                  58          .13         42 latch: shared pool                                                      1008          .19         42 library cache: mutex X                                                   123          .33         42 SQL*Net message to client                                                 24            0         42 SQL*Net message from client                                               24      6044.43         42 SQL*Net break/reset to client                                              2          .08         42 events in waitclass Other                                                 87          .09         46 Disk file operations I/O                                                   3          .03         46 latch: cache buffers chains                                               13          .21         46 buffer busy waits                                                          1          .35         46 latch: redo copy                                                           1         1.26        SID EVENT                                                            TOTAL_WAITS AVERAGE_WAIT ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ------------         46 db file sequential read                                                   38          .02         46 enq: HW - contention                                                       1          .01         46 latch: row cache objects                                                  58          .14         46 row cache lock                                                             1          .08         46 latch: shared pool                                                       666          .17         46 library cache: mutex X                                                    99          .29         46 SQL*Net message to client                                                 13            0         46 SQL*Net message from client                                               13      2010.63         46 events in waitclass Other                                                 68          .14 26 rows selected. Elapsed: 00:00:00.37 17:22:42 SYS@ prod> 17:22:02 SYS@ prod>select sid,event,WAIT_TIME,state from v$session_wait where sid=42 17:22:25   2   or sid=46;        SID EVENT                                                             WAIT_TIME STATE ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- -------------------         42 latch: shared pool                                                       -1 WAITED SHORT TIME         46 latch: shared pool                                                       -1 WAITED SHORT TIME

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