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这篇文章给大家分享的是有关Oracle中RMAN的BACKUP常用参数有哪些的内容。小编觉得挺实用的,因此分享给大家做个参考,一起跟随小编过来看看吧。
backup命令用来生成备份,可以在执行backup时为备份指定很多属性。官方文档上backup命令语法功能非常丰富,但是没有必要一一的掌握。先要了解一些基本用法,特殊的参数,用到的时候临时抱佛脚就行了。
下面我们挑一些常用的参数,做以说明。
BACKUP参数选项
full
服务器会话将所有块都复制到备份集中,只跳过从未使用过的数据文
件块。在备份归档重做日志或控制文件时,服务器会话不会跳过任何块。完全备份不是增量备份。
incrementallevel
integer
服务器会话复制自上次n 级增量备份以来更改过的数据块,其中n 是从1 到4 之间的任意整数。要执行大于0 级的增量备份时,服务器进程会在BACKUP 命令中检查每个数据文件的0 级备份或0 级副本是否存在。如果指定增量,则必须在备份说明中设置以下参数之一:DATA FILE、DATA FILECOPY、TABLESPACE 或DATABASE。恢复管理器不支持控制文件、归档重做日志或备份集的增量备份。
filesperset
integer
如果指定了FILESPERSET 参数,恢复管理器就会将FILESPERSET值与计算的值(备份的文件数与通道数的比值)进行比较,并采用两者中的较小值,从而确保使用所有的通道。如果不指定FILESPERSET,恢复管理器就会将计算的值(文件数与分配的通道数的比值)与缺省值64 进行比较并采用两者中的较小值。当通道多于要备份的文件时,多余的通道将保持空闲。输入文件不能在通道之间进行分割。
skip指定该参数可将某些数据文件或归档重做日志排除在备份集之外。该参数具有以下选项:
offline:将脱机数据文件排除在备份集之外。
readonly:排除属于只读表空间的数据文件。
inaccessible:排除由于I/O 错误而无法读取的数据文件或归档重
做日志。
maxsetsize
integer
以字节(缺省)、千字节(K)、兆字节(M) 或千兆字节(G) 来指定备份集的最大大小。恢复管理器会尽量将所有的备份集限制为指定的大小。
delete
input
在成功创建备份集后删除输入文件。仅当备份归档重做日志、数据文
件副本或备份集时才指定该选项。它相当于对所有输入文件执行
CHANGE . . . DELETE 命令。
include
current
controlfile
创建当前控制文件的快照并将其放置在该子句生成的各备份集中。Format 输出名称的格式。可以单独使用或组合使用格式参数。PLUS ARCHIVELOG连带ARCHIVELOG一起备份
COPIES integer多重备份,即备份集写多份。integer 取值(1-4),默认是1
下面演示一下skip、filesperset、maxsetsize、COPIES等用法
skip 跳过只读文件
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE IDX READ ONLY; Tablespace altered. RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE SKIP READONLY; Starting backup at2015/07/09 03:39:49 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK skipping read-only file6 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1 at 2015/07/09 03:39:49 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:41:45piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T033949_bstz45xk_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T033949 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsed time:00:01:56 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1 at 2015/07/09 03:41:46 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:41:47 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T033949_bstz7toh_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T033949 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backupsetcomplete, elapsed time:00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 03:41:47FILEPERSET 限制备份集最多包含文件个数。
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE filesperset 2; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 03:45:11 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:45:11 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:45:46 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzg7tn_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T034511 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:45:46 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:11 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzhc17_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T034511 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:12 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:27 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzj460_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T034511 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:28 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:29 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzjnbx_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T034511 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 03:46:29maxsetsize 设置备份集最大大
RMAN> backup database maxsetsize 200M; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 03:52:02 using channel ORA_DISK_1 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 07/09/2015 03:52:02 RMAN-06183: datafile or datafile copy /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf (file number 1) larger than MAXSETSIZE备份集的最大大小不能小于任意一个数据文件的大小。
RMAN> backup database maxsetsize1G; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 03:58:47allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)in backup set input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1 at 2015/07/09 03:58:48channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1 at 2015/07/09 03:59:23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T035847_bsv07r5l_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T035847 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backupset complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1 at 2015/07/09 03:59:23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:59:58 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T035847_bsv08vcs_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T035847 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backupset complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)in backup set including current control file in backup setincluding current SPFILEin backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:59:59channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece1 at 2015/07/09 04:00:00 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T035847_bsv09zlm_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T035847 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backupset complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 04:00:00SQL> select name,bytes/1024/1024||MB from v$datafile; NAME BYTES/1024/1024||MB-------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf 770MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf 580MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf95MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf 16.25MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf345.625MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf 10MBCOPIES
RMAN> backup copies2 database format /backup/full_%U; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 04:06:29using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupsetchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s)in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile filenumber=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:06:29 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:08:04 with 2copies and tag TAG20150709T040629 piece handle=/backup/full_3bqbj5m5_1_1 comment=NONE piece handle=/backup/full_3bqbj5m5_1_2 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backupset complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setincluding current control filein backup set including current SPFILE in backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece1 at 2015/07/09 04:08:05 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:08:06 with 2copies and tag TAG20150709T040629 piece handle=/backup/full_3cqbj5p4_1_1 comment=NONE piece handle=/backup/full_3cqbj5p4_1_2 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup setcomplete, elapsed time:00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 04:08:06如果备份集放到默认的fast recovery area中,是不允许使用copies参数的
RMAN> backup copies2 database; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 04:11:37using channel ORA_DISK_1 channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:11:37RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 07/09/2015 04:11:38 ORA-19806: cannot make duplex backupsin recovery area continuing other job steps, job failed will notbe re-run channelORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1:specifying datafile(s)in backup set including current control file inbackup set including current SPFILEin backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:11:39 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 07/09/2015 04:11:40 ORA-19806: cannot make duplex backups in recovery area感谢各位的阅读!关于“Oracle中RMAN的BACKUP常用参数有哪些”这篇文章就分享到这里了,希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助,让大家可以学到更多知识,如果觉得文章不错,可以把它分享出去让更多的人看到吧!
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