如何进行asmcmd的分析

如何进行asmcmd的分析，相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策，为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法，通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。

在ASM实例中，所有的存储于ASM磁盘组中的文件对于操作系统命令而言是不可访问的，因此 也无法使用常规的命令来操纵ASM磁盘中的文件。所幸的是，我们有ASMCMD工具来代替操作系统命令来完成这部分工作。ASMCMD工具提供了类似于操 作系统的常用命令，如ls , du ,find,cd ,rm ,mkdir等等。借助这些工具可以更轻松的完成ASM实例的相关管理工作。

ASMCMD使用实例 

启动前要设定ORACLE_SID环境变量

$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM    

$ asmcmd

ASMCMD> help                 --在asmcmd命令提示符下，输入help [命令] ，则显示该命令帮助信息

        asmcmd [-p] [command]           --该方式可以直接完成相应的功能而不需要进入到ASMCMD提示符下

The environment variables ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID determine the

instance to which the program connects, and ASMCMD establishes a

        bequeath connection to it, in the same manner as a SQLPLUS / AS 

SYSDBA.  The user must be a member of the SYSDBA group.

Specifying the -p option allows the current directory to be displayed

        in the command prompt, like so:

        ASMCMD [+DATAFILE/ORCL/CONTROLFILE] >

[command] specifies one of the following commands, along with its

        parameters.

Type "help [command]" to get help on a specific ASMCMD command.

        commands:

        --------

        cd

        du

        find

        help

        ls

        lsct

        lsdg

        mkalias

        mkdir

        pwd

        rm

        rmalias

ASMCMD> help lsct     --查看命令的具体用法，本例为lsct

        lsct [-H] [group]

        List all clients and their attributes from V$ASM_CLIENT.  If group is 

specified, then return only information on that group.

The -H flag suppresses the column headers from the output.

$ asmcmd -p ls -l        --无需进入到ASMCMD命令提示符下完成相应的功能

    State    Type    Rebal  Unbal  Name

MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      N      DG1/

    MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      N      DG2/

MOUNTED  EXTERN  N      N      REV/

ASMCMD> ls -l                          --查看磁盘组的基本信息

    State    Type    Rebal  Unbal  Name

MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      N      DG1/

    MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      N      DG2/

    MOUNTED  EXTERN  N      N      REV/

ASMCMD> ls -s                          --查看磁盘组的详细信息，如磁盘大小，可用空间，扇区大小等

Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Name

512   4096  1048576      3058     1498                0             749              0  DG1/

512   4096  1048576       200       98                0              49              0  DG2/

512   4096  1048576      3074     2949                0            2949              0  REV/

ASMCMD> ls -ld     --查看目录信息

Type  Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name

                                        Y    czmmiao/ 

ASMCMD> du                             --查看当前目录磁盘已使用的容量

Used_MB      Mirror_used_MB

       804                1541

    ASMCMD> pwd                            --显示当前路径

    + 

ASMCMD> cd DG1            --cd 命令改变当前目录

ASMCMD> pwd

    +DG1 

ASMCMD> find -t datafile +DG1/asmdb sys*     --find 用于查找对象,-t参数指定对象类型，对象类型必须是v$asm_file.type中的对象类型

    +DG1/asmdb/DATAFILE/SYSAUX.261.734885459

+DG1/asmdb/DATAFILE/SYSTEM.259.734885389

ASMCMD> cd +DG1/asmdb/DATAFILE/

ASMCMD> mkalias EXAMPLE.264.800386585 aaa    --给对象创建别名 

ASMCMD> ls

EXAMPLE.264.800386585

SYSAUX.257.800386397

SYSTEM.256.800386395

UNDOTBS1.258.800386397

UNDOTBS2.265.800386713

USERS.259.800386397

aaa

ASMCMD> ls -a            --查看别名信息，该信息来自v$asm_alias

+DATA/CZMMIAO/DATAFILE/aaa => EXAMPLE.264.800386585

none => SYSAUX.257.800386397

none => SYSTEM.256.800386395

none => UNDOTBS1.258.800386397

none => UNDOTBS2.265.800386713

none => USERS.259.800386397

aaa

ASMCMD> rmalias aaa        --删除对象别名

ASMCMD> ls -a

none => EXAMPLE.264.800386585

none => SYSAUX.257.800386397

none => SYSTEM.256.800386395

none => UNDOTBS1.258.800386397

none => UNDOTBS2.265.800386713

none => USERS.259.800386397 

ASMCMD> lsdg             --查看磁盘组信息

State    Type    Rebal  Unbal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Name

MOUNTED  EXTERN  N      N         512   4096  1048576      3815     2529                0            2529              0  DATA/

ASMCMD> lsct              --查看asm客户端信息

DB_Name   Status        Software_Version  Compatible_version  Instance_Name

czmmiao   CONNECTED           10.2.0.1.0          10.2.0.1.0  czmmiao1

ASMCMD> mkdir bbb ccc           -- 创建bbb和ccc目录

ASMCMD> ls

EXAMPLE.264.800386585

SYSAUX.257.800386397

SYSTEM.256.800386395

UNDOTBS1.258.800386397

UNDOTBS2.265.800386713

USERS.259.800386397

bbb/

ccc/

ASMCMD> rmdir bbb ccc           --删除bbb和ccc目录,rm命令有-r和-f两个参数，用法同linux的rm命令

11g R2新增命令

cp:不仅可以在ASM和OS之间复制文件，也可以在不同的ASM Instance和Diskgroup之间复制文件;

cp +dgtest/test/datafile/USERS.264.646186565 users.dbf

md_backup: 将disk group中的metadata备份到文件; 

md_backup /tmp/backupfile -G DATAGP

md_restore: 将备份文件中的metadata恢复到disk group; 

md_restore -full -G data --silent /tmp/file

lsattr: 列出disk group的属性;

lsattr -l -G DATAGP 

setattr: 设置disk group的属性;

setattr -G DATAGP compataible.asm 11.2.0.0.0

lsof: 显示local clients的open files;

lsof -G DATAGP 

chdg: 修改disk group, add或drop disk;

chdg DATAGP_config.xml

chkdg: check 或 repair disk group 的metadata;

chkdg --repair DATAGP 

dropdg: drop disk group;

dropdg -r -f DATAGP 

iostat: 查看I/O statics通过v$asm_disk_iostat;

iostat -G DATAGP 

lsdsk: list ASM disks;

lsdsk -p -G DATAGP /dev/raw/* ; 

lsdsk --candidate -p 

lsod: list open ASM disks; 

lsod -G DATAGP 

mkdg: create disk group based on a xml file;

mkdg DATAGP_config.xml 

mount: mount a disk group;

mount -f DATAGP;

mount --restrict DATAGP; 

mount -a 

offline: offline disks or failure groups that belong to disk group.

offline -G DATAGP -F FG1 

online: online disks or a failure group; 

online -G DATAGP -D data_0001 --power=3

rebal: rebalance a disk group;

rebal --power 4 DATAGP 

remap: mark blocks as unusable on the disk and relocates data;

remap DATAGP data_0001 500-700 

umount: dismount a disk group;

unmount -f DATAGP 

pwcopy: copy password file;

pwcopy --asm +DG/mydir/mypwfile +DG1/mypwfile 

pwcreate: create password file for sys;

pwcreate --asm +DG/mdir/mypwfile welcome 

pwdelete: delete password file;

pwdelete --asm +DG/mydir/mypwfile

pwget: get the location of password file; 

pwget --asm 

pwmove: move password file; 

pwmove --asm +DG/mydir/mypwfile +DG1/mypwfile

pwset: set the location of password file; 

pwset -dbuniquename aime1 +DG/mydir/mypwfile

dsget: get the discovery disk string; 

dsget 

dsset: set the discovery disk string;

dsset /dev/raw/* 

lsop: list current operations on disk group from v$asm_operation; 

lsop 

shutdown: shutdown ASM instance;

shut immediate 

spbackup: backup ASM Spfile; 

spbackup +DATA/asm/asmprameterfile/register.323.234 +DATA/spf.bak

spcopy: copy spfile; 

spcopy +DATA/asm/asmprameterfile/register.323.234 +DATA/spf.ora

spget: get the spfile location; 

spget 

spmove: move spfile; 

spmove +DATA/spf.ora +DATA1/spf.ora 

spset: set the location of spfile;

spset +DATA/spf.ora 

startup: start up ASM instance;

startup --nomount --pfile asm.ora

chtmpl:改变template的属性；

chtmpl -G DATAGP --redundancy high --striping fine mytemplate 

lstmpl: list templates;

ls -l -G DATAGP 

mktmpl: add template to disk group; 

mktmpl -G DATA --redundancy mirror --striping coarse

rmtmpl: remove template from disk group;

rmtmpl -G DATAGP mytp 

chgrp: change user group of files;

chgrp asm-data +data/mydir/a.f 

chmod: change permissions of files;

chmod 640 a.f 

chown: change owner of files;

chown user:usergroup a.f 

groups: list all user groups of a user; 

groups DATAGP user

grpmod: add or remove OS users to ASM user group;

grpmod --add fra asm_fra oracle1 oracle2 

lsgrp: list all ASM user groups;

lsgrp -a 

lspwusr: list users from ASM password file;

lspwusr 

lsusr: list users in a disk group;

lsusr -G DATAGP 

mkgrp: create new ASM user group; 

mkgrp DATAGP asm_data oracle1 oracle2

mkusr: add OS user to a disk group; 

mkusr DATA oracle1 

orapwusr: add, drop, modify ASM password file user;

orapwusr --add --privilege sysdba hrusr 

passwd: change password of a user; 

passwd oracle2

rmgrp: remove a user group from disk group;

rmgrp DATAGP asm_data 

rmusr: remove a OS user from disk group; 

rmusr DATAGP oracle2

rpusr: replace OS user1 with OS user2; 

rpusr DATAGP oracle1 oracle2 

volcreate: create an ADVM volume in disk group;

volcreate -G DATA -s 10G --width 64K --column 8 volume1 

voldelete: delete an ADVM volume;

voldelete -G DATAGP volume1 

voldisable: disable an ADVM volumes in mounted disk groups and remove the volume device on the local node;

voldisable -G DATAGP volume1 

volenable: enable ADVM volume in mounted disk groups;

volenable -G DATAGP volume1 

volinfo: display information of ADVM volumes;

volinfo -G DATAGP volume1 

volresize: resize an ADVM volume; 

volresize -G DATAGP -s 20G volume1 

volset: set attributes of ADVM volume;

volset -G DATA --usagestring no file system attached  volume1 

volstat: report I/O statistics of ADVM volume;

volstat -G DATAGP

看完上述内容，你们掌握如何进行asmcmd的分析的方法了吗？如果还想学到更多技能或想了解更多相关内容，欢迎关注行业资讯频道，感谢各位的阅读！