如何进行session和v$session说明

这期内容当中小编将会给大家带来有关如何进行session和v$session说明，文章内容丰富且以专业的角度为大家分析和叙述，阅读完这篇文章希望大家可以有所收获。

1、前言

v$session和v$process两个视图作为数据库管理了解系统性能、分析系统原因最常用的视图，因此作为一名非菜鸟的DBA管理员，就需要对这两个视图有充分的了解；

2、概念

首先必须了解什么是session：通俗来讲，session 是通信双方从开始通信到通信结束期间的一个上下文(context)。这个上下文是一段位于服务器端的内存：记录了本次连接的客户端机器、通过哪个应用程序、哪个用户在登录等信息。session 是和connection同时建立的，两者是对同一件事情不同层次的描述。简单讲，connection是物理上的客户机同服务器段的通信链路，session是逻辑上的用户同服务器的通信交互。

oracle中一个用户登录oracle服务器的前提，就是该用户具有oracle的 “create session”权限。oracle允许同一个用户在同一个客户机上建立多个同服务器的连接，这一点从oracle的视图V$session中可以看到[select * from v$session;]。每个session都代表了用户与服务器的一个交互。就像两个国家之间可以同时开展很多谈判，经济的，环境的等等。关闭了有关经济的谈判，不会影响到环境谈判的进行。后台进程PMON会每隔一段时间，就会测试用户连接状况，如果连接已断开，PMON会清理现场，释放相关的资源。

1. sqlplus 登录 oracle

这种场景比较容易理解，一个连接对应一个session。

2. 其他客户端工具登录oracle

比如：pl/sql developer 登录oracle。pl/sql developer 可以设置是否每个窗口共用同一个session. 如果想在调试窗口调试存储过程或函数，则必须设置为共享session。如果设置为非共享，则每次打开一个操作窗口，pl/sql developer 会利用最初输入的帐户和口令建立新的connection 和 session.

3. IIS 用程序登录oracle

这种情况下，其实是IIS在登录oracle。connection 和 session 的建立情况和iis机制相关。

“对于Oracle来说，安全的Sessions数应该为Sessions = (IIS process number) * (min pool size)。”

IIS进程：在IIS6.0中，采用了新的进程隔离模式来响应用户的请求，在IIS管理器中，可以设置应用程序池的最大进程数。对于新的WEB应用请求，IIS进程管理器会启动多个W3wp.exe进行响应。

4、java配置连接池

通过在应用配置java的脚本的时候，可以配置相应的session的数量，这样应用连接过来就默认分配了相应的session，而且这些session不管有没有连接都不会被PMON清除掉，减少了数据库的开销。

3、v$session视图的说明

数据库的所有session提供了相应的视图v$session，为所有的dba提供了一个查询和管理的窗口，那么就有必要了解下v$session的相关信息；

Column                        

Datatype

Description                        

说明

SADDR                        

RAW(4 | 8)                        

Session address                        

SID                        

NUMBER                        

Session identifier                        

通过这两个值来确定唯一的一个session                            

SERIAL#

NUMBER                        

Session serial number. Used to uniquely identify a sessions objects. Guarantees that session-level commands are APPlied to the correct session objects if the session ends and another session begins with the same session ID.

AUDSID                        

NUMBER                        

Auditing session ID                        

If AUDSID=0, then it is an internally generated SYS session.

If AUDSID=UB4MAX(4294967295), then it is a direct SYS session.             

PADDR                        

RAW(4 | 8)                        

Address of the process that owns the session

process address,关联v$process的addr字段

USER#                        

NUMBER                        

Oracle user identifier

同dba_users关联

USERNAME                        

VARCHAR2(30)                        

Oracle username                        

同dba_users                            

COMMAND                        

NUMBER                        

Command in progress (last statement parsed).

session正在执行的sql id，1代表create table,3代表select                            

You can find the command name for any value n returned in thisCOMMAND column by running this SQL query:

SELECT command_name                        

FROM v$sqlcommand

   WHERE command_type = n;                        

A value of 0 in this COMMAND column means the command is not recorded in V$SESSION.

OWNERID                        

NUMBER                        

Identifier of the user who owns the migratable session; the column contents are invalid if the value is 2147483644

For operations using Parallel Slaves, interpret this value as a 4-byte value. The low-order 2 bytes represent the session number and the high-order bytes represent the instance ID of the query coordinator.

TADDR                        

VARCHAR2(8)                        

Address of the transaction state object                        

当前的transaction address。可以用来关联v$transaction中的addr字段

LOCKWAIT                        

VARCHAR2(8)                        

Address of the lock the session is waiting for; NULL if none

 可以通过这个字段查询出当前正在等待的锁的相关信息。sid + lockwait与v$loc中的sid + kaddr相对应。

STATUS                        

VARCHAR2(8)

Status of the session:                        

用来判断session状态。Active:正执行SQL语句。inactive:等待操作。killed:被标注为杀死

ACTIVE - Session currently executing SQL

INACTIVE - Session which is inactive and either has no configured limits or has not yet exceeded the configured limits

KILLED - Session marked to be killed                        

CACHED - Session temporarily cached for use by Oracle*XA

SNIPED - An inactive session that has exceeded some configured limits (for example, resource limits specified for the resource manager consumer group or idle_time specified in the users profile). Such sessions will not be allowed to become active again.

SERVER                        

VARCHAR2(9)

Server type:                        

服务类型（一般专用类型）

DEDICATED                        

SHARED                        

PSEUDO                        

POOLED                        

NONE                        

SCHEMA#                        

NUMBER                        

Schema user identifier                        

跟USER#一致

SCHEMANAME                        

VARCHAR2(30)                        

Schema user name                        

跟USERNAME一致

OSUSER                        

VARCHAR2(30)                        

Operating system client user name

客户端操作系统用户名

PROCESS                        

VARCHAR2(24)                        

Operating system client process ID                        

客户端process id                            

MACHINE                        

VARCHAR2(64)                        

Operating system machine name

客户端machine name                            

PORT                        

NUMBER                        

Client port number                        

客户端的端口号

TERMINAL                        

VARCHAR2(30)                        

Operating system terminal name

客户端执行的terminal name                            

PROGRAM                        

VARCHAR2(48)                        

Operating system program name                        

客户端应用程序

TYPE                        

VARCHAR2(10)                        

Session type                        

用户进程还是后台进程，后台进程一般不能KILL                            

SQL_ADDRESS                        

RAW(4 | 8)                        

Used with SQL_HASH_VALUE to identify the SQL statement that is currently being executed

SQL_HASH_VALUE                        

NUMBER                        

Used with SQL_ADDRESS to identify the SQL statement that is currently being executed

SQL_ID                        

VARCHAR2(13)                        

SQL identifier of the SQL statement that is currently being executed

当前被执行的SQL语句，跟v$sql关联

SQL_CHILD_NUMBER                        

NUMBER                        

Child number of the SQL statement that is currently being executed

SQL_EXEC_START                        

DATE                        

Time when the execution of the SQL currently executed by this session started; NULL if SQL_ID is NULL

当前sql的开始运行时间

SQL_EXEC_ID

NUMBER                        

SQL execution identifier; NULL if SQL_ID is NULL or if the execution of that SQL has not yet started (see V$SQL_MONITOR)

PREV_SQL_ADDR                        

RAW(4 | 8)                        

Used with PREV_HASH_VALUE to identify the last SQL statement executed

PREV_HASH_VALUE                        

NUMBER                        

Used with SQL_HASH_VALUE to identify the last SQL statement executed

PREV_SQL_ID                        

VARCHAR2(13)                        

SQL identifier of the last SQL statement executed                        

刚被执行的SQL语句，从v$sql查询相应的SQL语句

PREV_CHILD_NUMBER                        

NUMBER                        

Child number of the last SQL statement executed                        

PREV_EXEC_START                        

DATE                        

SQL execution start of the last executed SQL statement

PREV_EXEC_ID                        

NUMBER                        

SQL execution identifier of the last executed SQL statement

PLSQL_ENTRY_OBJECT_ID                        

NUMBER                        

Object ID of the top-most PL/SQL subprogram on the stack; NULL if there is no PL/SQL subprogram on the stack

PLSQL_ENTRY_SUBPROGRAM_ID                        

NUMBER                        

Subprogram ID of the top-most PL/SQL subprogram on the stack; NULL if there is no PL/SQL subprogram on the stack

PLSQL_OBJECT_ID                        

NUMBER                        

Object ID of the currently executing PL/SQL subprogram; NULL if executing SQL

PLSQL_SUBPROGRAM_ID                        

NUMBER                        

Subprogram ID of the currently executing PL/SQL object; NULL if executing SQL

MODULE                        

VARCHAR2(48)                        

Name of the currently executing module as set by calling theDBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_MODULE procedure

MODULE_HASH                        

NUMBER                        

Hash value of the MODULE column                        

ACTIONFootref 1                        

VARCHAR2(32)                        

Name of the currently executing action as set by calling theDBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_ACTION procedure

ACTION_HASH                        

NUMBER                        

Hash value of the ACTION column                        

CLIENT_INFO                        

VARCHAR2(64)                        

Information set by the DBMS_APPLICATION_INFO.SET_CLIENT_INFOprocedure

FIXED_TABLE_SEQUENCE                        

NUMBER                        

This contains a number that increases every time the session completes a call to the database and there has been an intervening select from a dynamic performance table. This column can be used by performance monitors to monitor statistics in the database. Each time the performance monitor looks at the database, it only needs to look at sessions that are currently active or have a higher value in this column than the highest value that the performance monitor saw the last time. All the other sessions have been idle since the last time the performance monitor looked at the database.

ROW_WAIT_OBJ#                        

NUMBER                        

Object ID for the table containing the row specified in ROW_WAIT_ROW#

ROW_WAIT_FILE#                        

NUMBER                        

Identifier for the datafile containing the row specified inROW_WAIT_ROW#. This column is valid only if the session is currently waiting for another transaction to commit and the value ofROW_WAIT_OBJ# is not -1.

ROW_WAIT_BLOCK#                        

NUMBER                        

Identifier for the block containing the row specified in ROW_WAIT_ROW#. This column is valid only if the session is currently waiting for another transaction to commit and the value of ROW_WAIT_OBJ# is not -1.

ROW_WAIT_ROW#                        

NUMBER                        

Current row being locked. This column is valid only if the session is currently waiting for another transaction to commit and the value ofROW_WAIT_OBJ# is not -1.

TOP_LEVEL_CALL#                        

NUMBER

Oracle top level call number                        

LOGON_TIME                        

DATE                        

Time of logon                        

LAST_CALL_ET                        

NUMBER                        

If the session STATUS is currently ACTIVE, then the value represents the elapsed time (in seconds) since the session has become active.

If the session STATUS is currently INACTIVE, then the value represents the elapsed time (in seconds) since the session has become inactive.

PDML_ENABLED                        

VARCHAR2(3)                        

This column has been replaced by the PDML_STATUS column

FAILOVER_TYPE                        

VARCHAR2(13)                        

Indicates whether and to what extent transparent application failover (TAF) is enabled for the session:

NONE - Failover is disabled for this session

SESSION - Client is able to fail over its session following a disconnect                        

SELECT - Client is able to fail over queries in progress as well

See Also:                        

Oracle Database Concepts for more information on TAF                        

Oracle Database Net Services Administrators Guide for information on configuring TAF

FAILOVER_METHOD                        

VARCHAR2(10)

Indicates the transparent application failover method for the session:                        

NONE - Failover is disabled for this session

BASIC - Client itself reconnects following a disconnect                        

PRECONNECT - Backup instance can support all connections from every instance for which it is backed up

FAILED_OVER                        

VARCHAR2(3)

Indicates whether the session is running in failover mode and failover has occurred (YES) or not (NO)

RESOURCE_CONSUMER_GROUP                        

VARCHAR2(32)                        

Name of the sessions current resource consumer group                        

PDML_STATUS

VARCHAR2(8)                        

If ENABLED, the session is in a PARALLEL DML enabled mode. If DISABLED,PARALLEL DML enabled mode is not supported for the session. If FORCED, the session has been altered to force PARALLEL DML.

PDDL_STATUS                        

VARCHAR2(8)                        

If ENABLED, the session is in a PARALLEL DDL enabled mode. If DISABLED,PARALLEL DDL enabled mode is not supported for the session. If FORCED, the session has been altered to force PARALLEL DDL.

PQ_STATUS                        

VARCHAR2(8)                        

If ENABLED, the session is in a PARALLEL QUERY enabled mode. IfDISABLED, PARALLEL QUERY enabled mode is not supported for the session. If FORCED, the session has been altered to force PARALLELQUERY.

CURRENT_QUEUE_DURATION                        

NUMBER                        

If queued (1), the current amount of time the session has been queued. If not currently queued, the value is 0.

CLIENT_IDENTIFIER                        

VARCHAR2(64)

Client identifier of the session                        

BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS                        

VARCHAR2(11)                        

This column provides details on whether there is a blocking session:

VALID - there is a blocking session, and it is identified in theBLOCKING_INSTANCE and BLOCKING_SESSION columns

NO HOLDER - there is no session blocking this session

NOT IN WAIT - this session is not in a wait                        

UNKNOWN - the blocking session is unknown                        

BLOCKING_INSTANCE

NUMBER                        

Instance identifier of the blocking session. This column is valid only ifBLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS has the value VALID.

BLOCKING_SESSION                        

NUMBER                        

Session identifier of the blocking session. This column is valid only ifBLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS has the value VALID.

FINAL_BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS                        

VARCHAR2(11)

The final blocking session is the final element in the wait chain constructed by following the sessions that are blocked by one another starting with this session. In the case of a cyclical wait chain, one of the sessions in the wait chain will be chosen as the final blocker.

This column provides details on whether there is a final blocking session:

VALID - there is a final blocking session and it is identified in theFINAL_BLOCKING_INSTANCE and FINAL_BLOCKING_SESSION columns

NO HOLDER - there is no session blocking this session

NOT IN WAIT - this session is not in a wait                        

UNKNOWN - the final blocking session is unknown

FINAL_BLOCKING_INSTANCE                        

NUMBER                        

Instance identifier of the final blocking session. This column is valid only ifFINAL_BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS has the value VALID.

FINAL_BLOCKING_SESSION

NUMBER                        

Session identifier of the blocking session. This column is valid only ifFINAL_BLOCKING_SESSION_STATUS has the value VALID.

SEQ#                        

NUMBER                        

A number that uniquely identifies the current or last wait (incremented for each wait)

EVENT#                        

NUMBER                        

Event number                        

等待事件的编号跟v$session_wait关联

EVENT                        

VARCHAR2(64)                        

Resource or event for which the session is waiting

等待事件的解释跟v$session_wait关联

See Also: Appendix C, "Oracle Wait Events"

P1TEXT                        

VARCHAR2(64)                        

Description of the first wait event parameter                        

对应DBA_EXTENTS的FILE_ID,BLOCK_ID,BLOCKS

P1                        

NUMBER                        

First wait event parameter (in decimal)                        

P1RAW                        

RAW(8)                        

First wait event parameter (in hexadecimal)Foot 2

P2TEXT                        

VARCHAR2(64)                        

Description of the second wait event parameter                        

P2                        

NUMBER                        

Second wait event parameter (in decimal)

P2RAW                        

RAW(8)                        

Second wait event parameter (in hexadecimal)Footref 2                        

P3TEXT

VARCHAR2(64)                        

Description of the third wait event parameter                        

P3                        

NUMBER                        

Third wait event parameter (in decimal)

P3RAW                        

RAW(8)                        

Third wait event parameter (in hexadecimal)Footref 2                        

WAIT_CLASS_ID                        

NUMBER                        

Identifier of the class of the wait event

WAIT_CLASS#                        

NUMBER                        

Number of the class of the wait event                        

WAIT_CLASS                        

VARCHAR2(64)

Name of the class of the wait event                        

WAIT_TIME                        

NUMBER                        

If the session is currently waiting, then the value is 0. If the session is not in a wait, then the value is as follows:

> 0 - Value is the duration of the last wait in hundredths of a second

-1 - Duration of the last wait was less than a hundredth of a second

-2 - Parameter TIMED_STATISTICS was set to false                        

This column has been deprecated in favor of the columnsWAIT_TIME_MICRO and STATE.

SECONDS_IN_WAIT                        

NUMBER                        

If the session is currently waiting, then the value is the amount of time waited for the current wait. If the session is not in a wait, then the value is the amount of time since the start of the last wait.

This column has been deprecated in favor of the columnsWAIT_TIME_MICRO and TIME_SINCE_LAST_WAIT_MICRO.

STATE                        

VARCHAR2(19)                        

Wait state:                        

WAITING - Session is currently waiting

当前session处于等待

WAITED UNKNOWN TIME - Duration of the last wait is unknown; this is the value when the parameter TIMED_STATISTICS is set to false

WAITED SHORT TIME - Last wait was less than a hundredth of a second

WAITED KNOWN TIME - Duration of the last wait is specified in theWAIT_TIME column

WAIT_TIME_MICRO                        

NUMBER                        

Amount of time waited (in microseconds). If the session is currently waiting, then the value is the time spent in the current wait. If the session is currently not in a wait, then the value is the amount of time waited in the last wait.

TIME_REMAINING_MICRO

NUMBER                        

Value is interpreted as follows:                        

> 0 - Amount of time remaining for the current wait (in microseconds)

0 - Current wait has timed out                        

-1 - Session can indefinitely wait in the current wait                        

NULL - Session is not currently waiting

TIME_SINCE_LAST_WAIT_MICRO                        

NUMBER                        

Time elapsed since the end of the last wait (in microseconds). If the session is currently in a wait, then the value is 0.

SERVICE_NAME                        

VARCHAR2(64)

Service name of the session                        

SQL_TRACE                        

VARCHAR2(8)                        

Indicates whether SQL tracing is enabled (ENABLED) or disabled (DISABLED)

是否打开跟踪

SQL_TRACE_WAITS                        

VARCHAR2(5)                        

Indicates whether wait tracing is enabled (TRUE) or not (FALSE)

SQL_TRACE_BINDS                        

VARCHAR2(5)                        

Indicates whether bind tracing is enabled (TRUE) or not (FALSE)

SQL_TRACE_PLAN_STATS                        

VARCHAR2(10)                        

Frequency at which row source statistics are dumped in the trace files for each cursor:

never                        

first_execution                        

all_executions                        

SESSION_EDITION_ID                        

NUMBER                        

Shows the value that, in the session, would be reported bysys_context(USERENV, SESSION_EDITION_ID)

CREATOR_ADDR

RAW(4 | 8)                        

Address of the creating process or circuit                        

CREATOR_SERIAL#                        

NUMBER                        

Serial number of the creating process or circuit

ECID                        

VARCHAR2(64)                        

Execution context identifier (sent by Application Server)                        

以上只是标注了常用的字段的注释，如果漏掉的也请各位高手补充，后续随着工作的深入也会相应的补充；

4、v$session在实际工作中的作用

4.1查询锁住对象的会话信息：

SELECT OBJECT_NAME, MACHINE, S.SID, S.SERIAL#

FROM GV$LOCKED_OBJECT L, DBA_OBJECTS O, GV$SESSION S   

WHERE L.OBJECT_ID = O.OBJECT_ID      AND L.SESSION_ID = S.SID;

4.2查看当前会话所执行的语句以及会话相关信息：

SELECT A.SID, A.SERIAL#, A.USERNAME, A.TERMINAL, A.PROGRAM, S.SQL_TEXT

FROM V$SESSION A, V$SQLAREA S    WHERE A.SQL_ADDRESS = S.ADDRESS(+)     

AND A.SQL_HASH_VALUE = S.HASH_VALUE(+)    ORDER BY A.USERNAME, A.SID;

4.3杀掉会话：

ALTER SYSTEM KILL SESSION SID, #SERIAL;      （需要注意当前的session  tpye不能是background)

上述就是小编为大家分享的如何进行session和v$session说明了，如果刚好有类似的疑惑，不妨参照上述分析进行理解。如果想知道更多相关知识，欢迎关注行业资讯频道。