Spring中使用LocalDateTime、LocalDate等参数作为入参

网友投稿 503 2023-07-08

Spring中使用LocalDateTime、LocalDate等参数作为入参

Spring中使用LocalDateTime、LocalDate等参数作为入参

0x0 背景

项目中使用LocalDateTime系列作为dto中时间的类型,但是spring收到参数后总报错,为了全局配置时间类型转换,尝试了如下3中方法

注:本文基于Springboot2.0测试,如果无法生效可能是spring版本较低导致的。PS:如果你的Controller中的LocalDate类型的参数啥注解(RequestParam、PathVariable等)都没加,也是会出错的,因为默认情况下,解析这种参数使用ModelAttributeMethodProcessor进行处理,而这个处理器要通过反射实例化一个对象出来,然后再对对象中的各个参数进行convert,但是LocalDate类没有构造函数,无法反射实例化因此会报错!!!

0x1 当LocalDateTime作为RequestParam或者PathVariable时

这种情况要和时间作为json字符串时区别对待,因为前端json转后端pojo底层使用的是Json序列化Jackson工具(HttpMessgeConverter);而时间字符串作为普通请求参数传入时,转换用的是Converter,两者有区别哦。

在这种情况下,有如下几种方案:

1. 使用Converter

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;

import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;

import java.time.LocalDate;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

@Configuration

public class DateConfig {

@Bean

public Converter localDateConverter() {

return new Converter<>() {

@Override

public LocalDate convert(String source) {

return LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd"));

}

};

}

@Bean

public Converter localDateTimeConverter() {

return new Converter<>() {

@Override

public LocalDateTime convert(String source) {

return LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));

}

};

}

}

以上两个bean会注入到spring mvc的参数解析器(好像叫做ParameterConversionService),当传入的字符串要转为LocalDateTime类时,spring会调用该Converter对这个入参进行转换。

2. 使用ControllerAdvice配合initBinder

@ControllerAdvice

public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

@InitBinder

protected void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {

binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDate.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {

@Override

public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {

setValue(LocalDate.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd")));

}

});

binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalDateTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {

@Override

public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {

setValue(LocalDateTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));

}

});

binder.registerCustomEditor(LocalTime.class, new PropertyEditorSupport() {

@Override

public void setAsText(String text) throws IllegalArgumentException {

setValue(LocalTime.parse(text, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm:ss")));

}

});

}

}

从名字就可以看出来,这是在controller做环切(这里面还可以全局异常捕获),在参数进入handler之前进行转换;转换为我们相应的对象。

0x2 当LocalDateTime作为Json形式传入

这种情况下,如同上文描述,要利用Jackson的json序列化和反序列化来做:

@Configuration

public class JacksonConfig {

/** 默认日期时间格式 */

public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";

/** 默认日期格式 */

public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";

/** 默认时间格式 */

public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";

@Bean

public ObjectMapper objectMapper(){

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

// objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);

// objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.ADJUST_DATES_TO_CONTEXT_TIME_ZONE);

JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();

javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPatternhttp://(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));

objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule).registerModule(new ParameterNamesModule());

return objectMapper;

}

}

0x3 来个完整的配置吧

package com.fly.hi.common.config;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateDeserializer;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateTimeDeserializer;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalTimeDeserializer;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateSerializer;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalDateTimeSerializer;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.ser.LocalTimeSerializer;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.core.convert.converter.Converter;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.text.ParseException;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

import java.time.LocalDate;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

import java.time.LocalTime;

import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

import java.util.Date;

@Configuration

public class DateConfig {

/** 默认日期时间格式 */

public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";

/** 默认日期格式 */

public static final String DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd";

/** 默认时间格式 */

public static final String DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT = "HH:mm:ss";

/**

* LocalDate转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数

*/

@Bean

public Converter localDateConverter() {

return new Converter<>() {

@Override

public LocalDate convert(String source) {

return LocalDate.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT));

}

};

}

/**

* LocalDateTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数

*/

@Bean

pkmwQoJjJublic Converter localDateTimeConverter() {

return new Converter<>() {

@Override

public LocalDateTime convert(String source) {

return LocalDateTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT));

}

};

}

/**

* LocalTime转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数

*/

@Bean

public Converter localTimeConverter() {

return new Converter<>() {

@Override

public LocalTime convert(String source) {

return LocalTime.parse(source, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT));

}

};

}

/**

* Date转换器,用于转换RequestParam和PathVariable参数

*/

@Bean

public Converter dateConverter() {

return new Converter<>() {

@Override

public Date convert(String source) {

SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);

try {

return format.parse(source);

} catch (ParseException e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

};

}

/**

* Json序列化和反序列化转换器,用于转换Post请求体中的json以及将我们的对象序列化为返回响应的json

*/

@Bean

public ObjectMapper objectMapper(){

ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

objectMapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);

objectMapper.disable(DeserializationFeature.ADJUST_DATES_TO_CONTEXT_TIME_ZONE);

//LocalDateTime系列序列化和反序列化模块,继承自jsr310,我们在这里修改了日期格式

JavaTimeModule javaTimeModule = new JavaTimeModule();

javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addSerializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeSerializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDateTime.class,new LocalDateTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalDate.class,new LocalDateDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)));

javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(LocalTime.class,new LocalTimeDeserializer(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern(DEFAULT_TIME_FORMAT)));

//Date序列化和反序列化

javaTimeModule.addSerializer(Date.class, new JsonSerializer<>() {

@Override

public void serialize(Date date, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {

SimpleDateFormat formatter = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);

String formattedDate = formatter.format(date);

jsonGenerator.writeString(formattedDate);

}

});

javaTimeModule.addDeserializer(Date.class, new JsonDeserializer<>() {

@Override

public Date deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {

SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMAT);

String date = jsonParser.getText();

try {

return format.parse(date);

} catch (ParseException e) {

throw new RuntimeException(e);

}

}

});

objectMapper.registerModule(javaTimeModule);

return objectMapper;

}

}

0x4 深入研究SpringMVC数据绑定过程

接下来进入debug模式,看看mvc是如何将我们request中的参数绑定到我们controller层方法入参的:

写一个简单controller,下个断点看看方法调用栈:

@GetMapping("/getDate")

public LocalDateTime getDate(@RequestParam LocalDate date,

@RequestParam LocalDateTime dateTime,

@RequestParam Date originalDate) {

System.out.println(date);

System.out.println(dateTime);

System.out.println(originalDate);

return LocalDateTime.now();

}

断住以后,我们看下方法调用栈中一些关键方法:

//进入DispatcherServlet

doService:942, DispatcherServlet

//处理请求

doDispatch:1038, DispatcherServlet

//生成调用链(前处理、实际调用方法、后处理)

handle:87, AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter

//反射获取到实际调用方法,准备开始调用

invokeHandlerMethod:895, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter

invokeAndHandle:102, ServletInvocableHandlerMethod

//这里是关键,参数从这里开始获取到

invokeForRequest:142, InvocableHandlerMethod

doInvoke:215, InvocableHandlerMethod

//这个是Java reflect调用,因此一定是在这之前获取到的参数

invoke:566, Method

根据上述分析,发现invokeForRequest:142, InvocableHandlerMethod这里的代码是用来拿到实际参数的:

@Nullable

public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,

Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

//这个方法是获取参数的,在这里下个断

Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);

if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {

logger.trace("Arguments: " + Arrays.toString(args));

}

//这里开始调用方法

return doInvoke(args);

}

进入这个方法看看是什么操作:

protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,

Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {

//获取方法参数数组,包含了入参信息,比如类型、泛型等等

MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();

//这个用来存放一会从request parameter转换的参数

Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];

for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {

MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];

parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);

//这里看起来没啥卵用(providedArgs为空)

args[i] = resolveProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);

//这里开始获取到方法实际调用的参数,步进

if (this.argumentResolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {

//从名字就看出来:参数解析器解析参数

args[i] = this.argumentResolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);

continue;

}

}

return args;

}

进入resolveArgument看看:

public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,

NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {

//根据方法入参,获取对应的解析器

HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver = getArgumentResolver(parameter);

//开始解析参数(把请求中的parameter转为方法的入参)

return resolver.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, webRequest, binderFactory);

}

这里根据参数获取相应的参数解析器,看看内部如何获取的:

//遍历,调用supportParameter方法,跟进看看

for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver methodArgumentResolver : this.argumentResolvers) {

if (methodArgumentResolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) {

result = methodArgumentResolver;

this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);

break;

}

}

这里,遍历参数解析器,查找有没有适合的解析器!那么,有哪些参数解析器呢(我测试的时候有26个)???我列出几个重要的看看,是不是很眼熟!!!

{RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver@7686}

{PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver@8359}

{RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor@8366}

{RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver@8367}

我们进入最常用的一个解析器看看他的supportsParameter方法,发现就是通过参数注解来获取相应的解析器的。

public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {

//如果参数拥有注解@RequestParam,则走这个分支(知道为什么上文要对RequestParam和Json两种数据区别对待了把)

if (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class)) {

//这个似乎是对Optional类型的参数进行处理的

if (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.nestedIfOptional().getNestedParameterType())) {

RequestParam requestParam = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(RequestParam.class);

return (requestParam != null && StringUtils.hasText(requestParam.name()));

}

else {

return true;

}

}

//......

}

也就是说,对于@RequestParam和@RequestBody以及@PathVariable注解的参数,SpringMVC会使用不通的参数解析器进行数据绑定!

那么,这三种解析器分别使用什么Converter解析参数呢?我们分别进入三种解析器看一看:

首先看下RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver发现内部使用WebDataBinder进行数据绑定,底层使用的是ConversionService (也就是我们的Converter注入的地方)

WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, null, namedValueInfo.name);

//通过DataBinder进行数据绑定的

arg = binder.convertIfNecessary(arg, parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);

//跟进convertIfNecessary()

public T convertIfNecessary(@Nullable Object value, @Nullable Class requiredType,

@Nullable MethodParameter methodParam) throws TypeMismatchException {

return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(value, requiredType, methodParam);

}

//继续跟进,看到了把

ConversionService conversionService = this.propertyEditorRegistry.getConversionService();

if (editor == null && conversionService != null && newValue != null && typeDescriptor != null) {

TypeDescriptor sourceTypeDesc = TypeDescriptor.forObject(newValue);

if (conversionService.canConvert(sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor)) {

try {

return (T) conversionService.convert(newValue, sourceTypeDesc, typeDescriptor);

}

catch (ConversionFailedException ex) {

// fallback to default conversion logic below

conversionAttemptEx = ex;

}

}

}

然后看下RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor发现使用的转换器是HttpMessageConverter类型的:

//resolveArgument方法内部调用下面进行参数解析

Object arg = readWithMessageConverters(webRequest, parameter, parameter.getNestedGenericParameterType());

//step into readWithMessageConverters(),我们看到这里的Converter是HttpMessageConverter

for (HttpMessageConverter> converter : this.messageConverters) {

Class> converterType = (Class>) converter.getClass();

GenericHttpMessageConverter> genericConverter =

(converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ? (GenericHttpMessageConverter>) converter : null);

if (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.canRead(targetType, contextClass, contentType) :

(targetClass != null && converter.canRead(targetClass, contentType))) {

if (message.hasBody()) {

HttpInputMessage msgToUse =

getAdvice().beforeBodyRead(message, parameter, targetType, converterType);

body = (genericConverter != null ? genericConverter.read(targetType, contextClass, msgToUse) :

((HttpMessageConverter) converter).read(targetClass, msgToUse));

body = getAdvice().afterBodyRead(body, msgToUse, parameter, targetType, converterType);

}

else {

body = getAdvice().handleEmptyBody(null, message, parameter, targetType, converterType);

}

break;

}

}

最后看下PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver发现 和RequestParam走的执行路径一致(二者都是继承自AbstractNamedValueMethodArgumentResolver解析器),因此代码就不贴了。

0xFF总结

如果要转换request传来的参数到我们指定的类型,根据入参注解要进行区分:

如果是RequestBody,那么通过配置ObjectMapper(这个玩意儿会注入到Jackson的HttpMessagConverter里面,即MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter中)来实现Json格式数据的序列化和反序列化;

如果是RequestParam或者PathVariable类型的参数,通过配置Converter实现参数转换(这些Converter会注入到ConversionService中)。

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