在数字化转型中,选择合适的跨平台开发框架不仅能提高效率,还有助于确保数据安全与合规性。
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2023-03-23
Spring Boot 集成Shiro的多realm实现以及shiro基本入门教程
情景
我的项目中有六个用户角色(学校管理员,学生等),需要进行分别登陆。如果在一个realm中,对controller封装好的Token进行Service验证,需要在此realm中注入六个数据库操作对象,然后写一堆if语句来判断应该使用那个Service服务,然后再在验证方法(doGetAuthorizationInfo)中写一堆if来进行分别授权,这样写不仅会让代码可读性会非常低而且很难后期维护修改(刚写完的时候只有上帝和你能看懂你写的是什么,一个月之后你写的是什么就只有上帝能看懂了)。
所以一定要配置多个realm来分别进行认证授权操作。shiro有对多个realm的处理,当配置了多个Realm时,shiro会用自带的org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator类的doAuthenticate方法来进行realm判断,源码:
protected AuthenticationInfo doAuthenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
assertRealmsConfigured();
Collection
if (realms.size() == 1) {
return doSingleRealmAuthentication(realms.iterator().next(), authenticationToken);
} else {
return doMultiRealmAuthentication(realms, authenticationToken);
}
}
assertRealmsConfigured();的作用是验证realm列表是否为空,如果一个realm也没有则会抛出IllegalStateException异常(爆红:Configuration error: No realms have been configured! One or more realms must be present to execute an authentication attempt.)
当realm只有一个时直接返回,当realm有多个时返回所有的realm。而我们要做的就是写多个realm后重写ModularRealmAuthenticator下的doAuthenticate方法,使它能满足我们的项目需求。
那么改怎么重写ModularRealmAuthenticator下的doAuthenticate方法,使它能满足我们的项目需求呢?这就需要分析我们使用shiro的使用方法了。
shiro的使用
1.Controller层中,获取当前用户后将用户名和密码封装UsernamePasswordToken对象,然后调用Subject中的登陆方法subject.login(UsernamePasswordToken)
@RequestMapping("/user/login")
@ResponseBody
public String Login(String userName,String password){
//获取当前用户 subject
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//封装用户的登陆数据
UsernamePasswordToken token =
new UsernamePasswordToken(userName, password);
try{
subject.login(token);//执行登陆方法
return "登陆成功";
}catch (UnknownAccountException e){//用户名不存在
model.addAttribute("msg","用户名不存在");
return "用户名不存在";
}catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e){//密码错误
model.addAttribute("msg","密码错误");
return "密码错误";
}
}
(为了测试方便,我用了@ResponseBody返回字符串)
2.完善自定义Realm类,继承于AuthorizingRealm,主要实现doGetAuthorizationInfo和doGetAuthenticationInfo方法
(需要实现认证和授权方法,在这里方便测试主要是认证)
public class StudentRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Resource
private StudentsService studentsService;
//授权
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
return null;
}
//认证
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("Shiro=========Student认证");
UserToken userToken = (UserToken) token;
Students students = studentsService.queryByNum(userToken.getUsername());
//账号不存在
if (students == null) {
System.out.println("学生不存在");
//向上层提交UnknownAccountException异常,在controller层处理
throw new UnknownAccountException();
}
//密码认证,shiro来做,可以自定义加密方式
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", students.getPassword(), USER_LOGIN_TYPE);
}
}
3.配置shiro,将realm配置进shiro(很多教程是使用xml配置或者ini配置,在这里用java代码配置,功能都是一样的,看个人习惯了)
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityManager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//设置安全管理器
bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);
return bean;
}
//DefaultWebSecurityManager 默认web安全管理器
@Bean(name = "securityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
//关联realm
securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
return securityManager;
}
//创建自定义 realm
@Bean
public UserRealm userRealm() {
return new UserRealm();
}
}
记得加@Configuration注解!!!!!!!
经过以上三步,可以看出shiro的简略工作流程(非常简略)就是,在web 启动阶段,读取
@Configuration注解将自定义的ream配置进默认web安全管理器(DefaultWebSecurityManager)然后将DefaultWebSecurityManager与ShiroFilterFactoryBean相关联。
当用户登陆时,从前端拿到username和password,封装好Token后,进入realm进行认证和授权,而realm就来自于刚才的shiro的DefaultWebSecurityManager配置
多realm实现原理
根据上面的shiro简略流程可知,shiro配置中写入多个realm后,在controller提交token时,只要多携带一个参数,用来进行org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator类的doAuthenticate(重写后)的验证即可明确应该用那个realm。那么,我们需要重写org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken(令其携带身份参数用于选择realm)和org.apache.shiro.authc.pam.ModularRealmAuthenticator(令其根据token中的身份参数来进行选择realm)即可。
多realm实现具体操作
1.写多个自定义的realm
public class AdminRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
@Resource
private AdminService adminService;
private static final String USER_LOGIN_TYPE = UserType.AdminRealm;
@Override
public String getName() {
return UserType.AdminRealm;
}
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
return null;
}
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
System.out.println("Shiro=========Admin认证");
UserToken userToken = (UserToken) token;
Admin admin = adminService.queryById(userToken.getUsername());
if(admin == null){
System.out.println("管理员不存在");
throw new UnknownAccountException();
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo("", admin.getAdminpassword(), USER_LOGIN_TYPE);
}
}
2.创建静态变量类(用于realm选择)
public class UserType {
//实习学校管理员
public static final String SchoolAdminRealm = "schooladminrealm";
//学生
public static final String StudentRealm ="studentrealm";
//管理员
public static final String AdminRealm ="adminrealm_1";
//导员
public static final String InstructorRealm ="instructorrealm";
//实习带队老师
public static final String UniversityteacherRealm ="universityteacherrealm";
//实习指导老师
public static final String SchoolTeacherRealm ="schoolteacherrealm";
}
3.重写UsernamePasswordToken,令其可以携带身份参数
@Component
public class UserModularRealmAuthenticator extends ModularRealmAuthenticator {
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doAuthenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) {
// 判断getRealms()是否返回为空,ModularRealmAuthenticator 自带
assertRealmsConfigured();
// 强制转换回自定义的UserToken
UserToken token = (UserToken) authenticationToken;
String loginType = token.getLoginType();
Collection
for (Realm realm : realms) {
System.out.println(realm.getName().toLowerCase());
if (realm.getName().toLowerCase().contains(loginType)){
//找到登录类型对应的指定Realm
return doSingleRealmAuthentication(realm, token);
}
}
//没找到正确的realm的异常处理
String msg = "Configuration error: Didn't find the right realm";
throw new IllegalStateException(msg);
}
}
4.shiro的配置中写入自定义的realm,还有其它配置
@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
@Bean
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager defaultWebSecurityMaAYQGJvnager) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//设置安全管理器
bean.setSecurityManager(defaultWebSecurityManager);
return bean;
}
//DefaultWebSecurityManager
@Bean(name = "securityManager")
public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(
@Qualifier("schoolAdminRealm") SchoolAdminRealm schoolAdminRealm,
@Qualifier("studentRealm") StudentRealm studentRealm,
@Qualifier("adminRealm") AdminRealm adminRealm,
@Qualifier("schoolTeacherRealm") SchoolTeacherRealm schoolTeacherRealm,
@Qualifier("instructorRealm") InstructorRealm instructorRealm,
@Qualifier("universityteacherRealm") UniversityteacherRealm universityteacherRealm,
@Qualifier("userModularRealmAuthenticator") UserModularRealmAuthenticator userModularRealmAuthenticator
) {
DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
securityManager.setAuthenticator(userModularRealmAuthenticator);
/**关联realm
*securityManager.setRealm() 是配置单个realm,不可用它配置多个realm
*securityManager.setRealms()配置多个realm,
*List
*/
List
realms.add(schoolAdminRealm);
realms.add(studentRealm);
realms.add(adminRealm);
realms.add(schoolTeacherRealm);
realms.add(instructorRealm);
realms.add(universityteacherRealm);
securityManager.setRealms(realms);
System.out.println(securityManager.getRealms().toString());
return securityManager;
}
//实习学校管理员
@Bean(name = "schoolAdminRealm")
public SchoolAdminRealm SchoolAdminRealm() {
return new SchoolAdminRealm();
}
//学生
@Bean(name = "studentRealm")
public StudentRealm StudentRealm() {
return new StudentRealm();
}
//管理员
@Bean(name = "adminRealm")
public AdminRealm AdminRealm() {
return new AdminRealm();
}
//导员
@Bean(name = "instructorRealm")
public InstructorRealm InstructorRealm() {
return new InstructorRealm();
}
//实习带队老师
@Bean(name = "universityteacherRealm")
public UniversityteacherRealm UniversityteacherRealm() {
return new UniversityteacherRealm();
}
//实习指导老师
@Bean(name = "schoolTeacherRealm")
public SchoolTeacherRealm SAYQGJvchoolTeacherRealm() {
return new SchoolTeacherRealm();
}
}
5.在controller中使用重写后的UsernamePasswordToken(UserToken)即可
//管理员登陆
@RequestMapping(value = "/AdminLogin", produces = "text/html;charset=UTF-8")
@ResponseBody//为了测试方便,返回字符串
public String AdminLogin(
@RequestParam(value = "username") String username,
@RequestParam(value = "password") String password) {
//获取当前用户 subject
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
//封装用户的登陆数据
UserToken token = new UserToken(username, Md5.getMd5(password), USER_LOGIN_TYPE);
try {
System.out.println("AdminLogin");
subject.login(token);//执行登陆方法
return null;
} catch (UnknownAccountException e) {//用户名不存在
System.out.println("用户名错误");
AYQGJv return null;
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {//密码错误
System.out.println("密码错误");
return null;
}
Spring Boot 集成Shiro的多realm配置
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