Sharding JDBC读写分离实现原理及实例

网友投稿 1821 2023-03-03

Sharding JDBC读写分离实现原理及实例

Sharding JDBC读写分离实现原理及实例

一、核心功能和不支持项

核心功能

提供一主多从的读写分离配置,可独立使用,也可配合分库分表使用。

独立使用读写分离支持SQL透传。

同一线程且同一数据库连接内,如有写入操作,以后的读操作均从主库读取,用于保证数据一致性。

基于Hint的强制主库路由。

不支持项

主库和从库的数据同步(所以需要另外实现主从同步,如使用mysql的binlog实现)。

主库和从库的数据同步延迟导致的数据不一致。

主库双写或多写。

跨主库和从库之间的事务的数据不一致。主从模型中,事务中读写均用主库。

#涉及到的库及表

CREATE DATABASE ds_master DEFAULT CHARACTER SET UTF8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

CREATE DATABASE ds_slave0 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET UTF8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

CREATE DATABASE ds_slave1 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET UTF8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

CREATE TABLE t_user(

user_id BIGINT(20) PRIMARY KEY,

user_name VARCHAR(40)

);

CREATE TABLE t_order(

order_id BIGINT(20) PRIMARY KEY,

user_id BIGINT(20),

order_num VARCHAR(40)

);

二、不使用Spring

引入maven依赖

org.apache.shardingsphere

sharding-jdbc-core

4.1.1

这里使用到Mysql和dbcp2数据源

org.apache.commons

commons-dbcp2

2.7.0

org.apache.commons

commons-pool2

2.7.0

mysql

mysql-connector-java

5.1.49

基于Java编码的规则配置

/*

* 读写分离

* ① 插入、更新、删除只会影响主库的数据,即从库的数据不会被影响(不会同步插入、更新、删除)。因为Sharding-JDBC并没有主从库数据同步的功能。

* 所以我们如果使用的是MySQL,可以采用binlog的方法进行同步。总之需要开发者额外处理

* ② 查询时,如果主库没有数据,从库有数据,可以查询到数据,所以删除的时候必须保证主库和从库一起删除。

*/

// 配置真实数据源

Map dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();

// 配置主库

BasicDataSource masterDataSource = new BasicDataSource();

masterDataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

masterDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3305/ds_master");

masterDataSource.setUsername("root");

masterDataSource.setPassword("123456");

dataSourceMap.put("ds_master", masterDataSource);

// 配置第一个从库

BasicDataSource slaveDataSource1 = new BasicDataSource();

slaveDataSource1.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

slaveDataSource1.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3305/ds_slave0");

slaveDataSource1.setUsername("root");

slaveDataSource1.setPassword("123456");

dataSourceMap.put("ds_slave0", slaveDataSource1);

// 配置第二个从库

BasicDataSource slaveDataSource2 = new BasicDataSource();

slaveDataSource2.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

slaveDataSource2.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3305/ds_slave1");

slaveDataSource2.setUsername("root");

slaveDataSource2.setPassword("123456");

dataSourceMap.put("ds_slave1", slaveDataSource2);

// 配置读写分离规则

MasterSlaveRuleConOQTBnMcPDfiguration masterSlaveRuleConfig = new MasterSlaveRuleConfiguration("ds_master_slave", "ds_master", Arrays.asList("ds_slave0", "ds_slave1"));

// 获取数据源对象

DataSource dataSource = MasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, masterSlaveRuleConfig, new Properties());

Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();

// 插入数据

//ShardingKeyGenerator keyGenerator = new SnowflakeShardingKeyGenerator();

//long orderId = ((Long) keyGenerator.generateKey()).longValue();

//long userId = 1027543L;

//ShardingKeyGenerator orderGenerator = new UUIDShardingKeyGenerator();

//String orderNum = (String) orderGenerator.generateKey();

//

//String insertSql = "insert into t_order(order_id, user_id, order_num) values(?, ?, ?)";

//PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(insertSql);

//ps.setLong(1, orderId);

//ps.setLong(2, userId);

//ps.setString(3, orderNum);

//int result = ps.executeUpdate();

//System.out.println("执行结果数:" + result);

//读取数据

String querySql = "select * from t_order";

PreparedStatement qryPs = conn.prepareStatement(querySql);

ResultSet resultSet = qryPs.executeQuery();

while (resultSet.next()){

String ud = resultSet.getString("user_id");

String om = resultSet.getString("order_num");

System.out.println(String.format("user_id = [%s], order_num = [%s]", ud, om));

}

// 删除数据

String deleteSql = "delete from t_order where user_id = 1027543";

PreparedStatement dropPs = conn.prepareStatement(deleteSql);

int delResult = dropPs.executeUpdate();

System.out.println("删除结果数:" + delResult);

基于Yaml的规则配置

配置文件sharddb.yml,内容如下:

dataSources:

ds_master: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource

driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3305/ds_master

username: root

password: 123456

ds_slave0: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource

driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3305/ds_slave0

username: root

password: 123456

ds_slave1: !!org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource

driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3305/ds_slave1

username: root

password: 123456

masterSlaveRule:

name: ds_ms

masterDataSourceName: ds_master

slaveDataSourceNames: [ds_slave0, ds_slave1]

props:

sql.show: true

读取配置文件sharddb.yml:

ClassPathResource pathResource = new ClassPathResource("sharddb.yml");

DataSource dataSource = YamlMasterSlaveDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(pathResource.getFile());

Connection conn = dataSource.getConnection();

// 插入数据

ShardingKeyGenerator keyGenerator = new SnowflakeShardingKeyGenerator();

long orderId = ((Long) keyGenerator.generateKey()).longValue();

long userId = 1027548L;

ShardingKeyGenerator orderGenerator = new UUIDShardingKeyGenerator();

String orderNum = (String) orderGenerator.generateKey();

//String insertSql = "insert into t_order(order_id, user_id, order_num) values(?, ?, ?)";

//PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(insertSql);

//ps.setLong(1, orderId);

//ps.setLong(2, userId);

//ps.setString(3, orderNum);

//int result = ps.executeUpdate();

//System.out.println("执行结果数:" + result);

//读取数据

String querySql = "select * from t_order";

PreparedStatement qryPs = conn.prepareStatement(querySql);

ResultSet resultSet = qryPs.executeQuery();

while (resultSet.next()) {

String ud = resultSet.getString("user_id");

String om = resultSet.getString("order_num");

System.out.println(String.format("user_id = [%s], order_num = [%s]", ud, om));

}

三、使用Spring

基于Spring boot的规则配置

① 引入Maven依赖

org.apache.shardingsphere

sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter

4.1.1

② application.properties内容如下:

# 一主二从,一般都是部署在不同的机器上,数据库是名称是相同的

# jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.12:3306/am_stock

# jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.13:3306/am_stock

# jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.14:3306/am_stock

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=master,slave0,slave1

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_master

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.username=root

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.password=123456

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave0

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.username=root

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.password=123456

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.type=org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ds_slave1

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.username=root

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.password=123456

spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.name=ms

spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.master-data-source-name=master

spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.slave-data-source-names=slave0,slave1

spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true

③ 直接通过注入的方式即可使用DataSource,或者将DataSource配置在JPA、Hibernate或MyBatis中使用。

@Resource

private DataSource dataSource;

④ 基于Spring boot + JNDI的规则配置

如果您计划使用Spring boot + JNDI的方式,在应用容器(如Tomcat)中使用Sharding-JDBC时,可使用spring.shardingsphere.datasource.${datasourceName}.jndiName来代替数据源的一系列配置。 如:

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.names=master,slave0,slave1

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.master.jndi-name=java:comp/env/jdbc/master

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave0.jndi-name=jdbc/slave0

spring.shardingsphere.datasource.slave1.jndi-name=jdbc/slave1

spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.name=ms

spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.master-data-source-name=master

spring.shardingsphere.masterslave.slave-data-source-names=slave0,slave1

spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true

版权声明:本文内容由网络用户投稿,版权归原作者所有,本站不拥有其著作权,亦不承担相应法律责任。如果您发现本站中有涉嫌抄袭或描述失实的内容,请联系我们jiasou666@gmail.com 处理,核实后本网站将在24小时内删除侵权内容。

上一篇:影视小程序添加插件(小程序视频插件)
下一篇:用电脑打开小程序(用电脑打开小程序的软件)
相关文章

 发表评论

暂时没有评论,来抢沙发吧~