react 前端框架如何驱动企业数字化转型与创新发展
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2023-02-18
聊聊注解@Aspect的AOP实现操作
Spring只支持XML方式而没有实现注解的方式(也叫AspectJ方式)的AOP,所以要使用@Aspect注解,只能引入AspectJ相关的 jar 包 aopalliance-1.0.jar 和 aspectjweaver.jar,这个坑把我给坑惨了。
使用步骤如下:
1、引入相关jar包
2、Spring的配置文件 applicationContext.xml 中引入context、aop对应的命名空间;配置自动扫描的包,同时使切面类中相关方法中的注解生效,需自动地为匹配到的方法所在的类生成代理对象。
xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://springframework.org/schema/beans http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/aop http://springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/context http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://springframework.org/schema/beans http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://springframework.org/schema/aop http://springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://springframework.org/schema/context http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
3、创建简单计算器的接口ArithmeticCalculator.java及实现类ArithmeticCalculatorImpl.java
package com.qcc.beans.aop;
public interface ArithmeticCalculator {
int add(int i, int j);
int sub(int i, int j);
int mul(int i, int j);
int div(int i, int j);
}
package com.qcc.beans.aop;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
//将实现类加入Spring的IOC容器进行管理
@Component("arithmeticCalculator")
public class ArithmeticCalculatorImpl implements ArithmeticCalculator {
@Override
public int add(int i, int j) {
int result = i + j;
return result;
}
@Override
public int sub(int i, int j) {
int result = i - j;
return result;
}
@Override
public int mul(int i, int j) {
int result = i * j;
return result;
}
@Override
public int div(int i, int j) {
int result = i / j;
return result;
}
}
4、现在想在实现类中的每个方法执行前、后、以及是否发生异常等信息打印出来,需要把日志信息抽取出来,写到对应的切面的类中 LoggingAspect.java 中
要想把一个类变成切面类,需要两步,
① 在类上使用 @Component 注解 把切面类加入到IOC容器中
② 在类上使用 @Aspect 注解 使之成为切面类
下面直接上完整代码,用@Aspect注解方式来实现前置通知、返回通知、后置通知、异常通知、环绕通知。
package com.qcc.beans.aop;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 日志切面
*
* @author QianChaoChen 00002336
* @date 2017年3月3日 下午3:03:29
*/
@Component
@Aspect
public class LoggingAspect {
/**
* 前置通知:目标方法执行之前执行以下方法体的内容
* @param jp
*/
@Before("execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))")
public void beforeMethod(JoinPoint jp){
String methodName = jp.getSignature().getName();
System.out.println("【前置通知】the method 【" + methodName + "】 begins with " + Arrays.asList(jp.getArgs()));
}
/**
* 返回通知:目标方法正常执行完毕时执行以下代码
* @param jp
* @param result
*/
@AfterReturning(value="execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))",returning="result")
public void afterReturningMethod(JoinPoint jp, Object result){
String methodName = jp.getSignature().getName();
System.out.println("【返回通知】the method 【" + methodName + "】 ends with 【" + result + "】");
}
/**
* 后置通知:目标方法执行之后执行以下方法体的内容,不管是否发生异常。
* @param jp
*/
@After("execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))")
public void afterMethod(JoinPoint jp){
System.out.println("【后置通知】this is a afterMethod advice...");
}
/**
* 异常通知:目标方法发生异常的时候执行以下代码
*/
@AfterThrowing(value="execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))",throwing="e")
public void afterThorwingMethod(JoinPoint jp, NullPointerException e){
String methodName = jp.getSignature().getName();
System.out.println("【异常通知】the method 【" + methodName + "】 occurs exception: " + e);
}
// /**
// * 环绕通知:目标方法执行前后分别执行一些代码,发生异常的时候执行另外一些代码
// * @return
// */
// @Around(value="execution(* com.qcc.beans.aop.*.*(..))")
// public Object aroundMethod(ProceedingJoinPoint jp){
// String methodName = jp.getSignature().getName();
// Object result = null;
// try {
// System.out.println("【环绕通知中的--->前置通知】:the method 【" + methodName + "】 begins with " + Arrays.asList(jp.getArgs()));
// //执行目标方法
// result = jp.proceed();
// System.out.println("【环绕通知中的--->返回通知】:the method 【" + methodName + "】 ends with " + result);
// } catch (Throwable e) {
// System.out.println("【环绕通知中的--->异常通知】:the method 【" + methodName + "】 occurs exception " + e);
// }
//
// System.out.println("【环绕通知中的--->后置通知】:-----------------end.----------------------");
// return result;
// }
}
5、编写Main方法进行测试
package com.qcc.beans.aop;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
ArithmeticCalculator arithmeticCalculator = (ArithmeticCalculator) ctx.getBean("arithmeticCalculator");
System.out.println(arithmeticCalculator.getClass());
int result = arithmeticCalculator.add(3, 5);
System.out.println("result: " + result);
result = arithmeticCalculator.div(5, 0);
System.out.println("result: " + result);
}
}
运行结果:
class com.sun.proxy.$Proxy10
【前置通知】the method 【add】 begins with [3, 5]
【后置通知】this is a afterMethod advice...
【返回通知】the method 【add】 ends with 【8】
result: 8
【前置通知】the method 【div】 begins with [5, 0]
【后置通知】this is a afterMethod advice...
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at com.qcc.beans.aop.ArithmeticCalculatorImpl.div(ArithmeticCalculatorImpl.java:28)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:317)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:190)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:157)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor.invoke(MethodBeforeAdviceInterceptor.java:52)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterAdvice.invoke(AspectJAfterAdvice.java:43)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor.invoke(AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor.java:52)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice.invoke(AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice.java:58)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:92)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:179)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:207)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy10.div(Unknown Source)
at com.qcc.beans.aop.Main.main(Main.java:15)
把其它代码都注释掉,把环绕通知的方法释放出来,测试结果如下:
【环绕通知中的--->前置通知】:the method 【add】 begins with [3, 5]
【环绕通知中的--->返回通知】:the method 【add】 ends with 8
【环绕通知中的--->后置通知】:-----------------end.----------------------
result: 8
【环绕通知中的--->前置通知】:the method 【div】 begins with [5, 0]
【环绕通知中的--->异常通知】:the method 【div】 occurs exception java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
【环绕通知中的--->后置通知】:-----------------end.----------------------
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.aop.AopInvocationException: Null return value from advice does not match primitive return type for: public abstract int com.qcc.beans.aop.ArithmeticCalculator.div(int,int)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:219)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy7.div(Unknown Source)
at com.qcc.beans.aop.Main.main(Main.java:15)
从以上发现,返回通知和异常通知不会同时出现;不管是否发生异常,后置通知都会正常打印。
补充:基于@Aspect实现AOP的两种方式
第一种:
package com.anno;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //什么时候运行和结束
@Target( {ElementType.METHOD , ElementType.TYPE}) //能放在哪里.
public @interface AnnotationTwo {
}
package com.anno;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Aspect
@Component
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class AspectAnnotationTOW {
@Pointcut("@annotation(AnnotationTwo)")
public void aspectTow(){
}
@Around("aspectTow()")
public void aspectservice(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint){
System.out.println(111);
try {
Object proceed = joinPoint.proceed();
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
第二种:
package com.testAnnotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //什么时候运行和结束
@Target( {ElementType.METHOD , ElementTyphttp://e.TYPE}) //能放在哪里.
public @interface AnnotationOfTest {
public String say();
public long howLong() default Long.MAX_VALUE;
}
package com.testAnnotation;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.rabbitmq.tools.jsonrpc.ProcedureDescription;
@Component
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
@Aspect
public class AspectAnnotation {
@Around("@annotation(annotationOfTest)")
public Object interceptor(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, AnnotationOfTest annotationOfTest ) {
String say = annotationOfTest.say();
long howlong = annotationOfTest.howLong();
try {
System.out.println(say+"\t"+howlong);
Object object = pjp.proceed();
return object;
} catch (Throwable e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
配置文件:
xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:p="http://springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://springframework.org/schema/beans http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/util http://springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/tx http://springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/aop http://springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd http://springframework.org/schema/context http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
xmlns:xsi="http://w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:util="http://springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://springframework.org/schema/beans http://springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd
http://springframework.org/schema/util http://springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd
http://springframework.org/schema/tx http://springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
http://springframework.org/schema/aop http://springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
http://springframework.org/schema/context
http://springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
service:
package com.service;
import java.util.Date;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.anno.AnnotationTwo;
import com.testAnnotation.AnnotationOfTest;
@Service
public class service {
@AnnotationTwo
public void go()
{
System.out.println(new Date().toLocaleString());
}
}
项目结构:
测试:
package com.test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.service.service;
import com.testAnnotation.AnnotationOfTest;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
service bean = applicationContext.getBean(service.class);
bean.go();
}
}
所需要的包:
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