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2022-11-27
Springboot之restTemplate的配置及使用方式
目录基础配置以下为进阶配置和使用1 场景2 依赖3 配置4 使用4.1 GET请求4.2 POST请求4.3 上传文件
在springboot项目中,可以直接注入RestTemplate使用,也可进行简单配置
基础配置
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {
return new RestTemplate(factory);
}
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setReadTimeout(150000); // ms
factory.setConnectTimeout(150000); // ms
return factory;
}
}
以下为进阶配置和使用
1 场景
java开发中,使用http连接,访问第三方网络接口,通常使用的连接工具为HttpClient和OKHttp。
这两种连接工具,使用起来比较复杂,新手容易出问题。如果使用spring框架,可以使用restTemplate来进行http连接请求。
restTemplate默认的连接方式是java中的HttpConnection,可以使用ClientHttpRequestFactory指定不同的HTTP连接方式。
2 依赖
maven依赖如下:
3 配置
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
/**
* http连接管理器
* @return
*/
@Bean
public HttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager() {
/*// 注册http和https请求
Registry
.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
.register("https", SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())
.build();
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);*/
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
// 最大连接数
poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(500);
// 同路由并发数(每个主机的并发)
poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(100);
return poolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
}
/**
* HttpClient
* @param poolingHttpClientConnectionManager
* @return
*/
@Bean
public HttpClient httpClient(HttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager) {
HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();
// 设置http连接管理器
httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(poolingHttpClientConnectionManager);
/*// 设置重试次数
httpClientBuilder.setRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(3, true));*/
// 设置默认请求头
http:// /*List
headers.add(new BasicHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive"));
httpClientBuilder.setDefaultHeaders(headers);*/
return httpClientBuilder.build();
}
/**
* 请求连接池配置
* @param httpClient
* @return
*/
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory(HttpClient httpClient) {
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
// httpClient创建器
clientHttpRequestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClient);
// 连接超时时间/毫秒(连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间,超出抛出connect timeout)
clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
// 数据读取超时时间(socketTimeout)/毫秒(务器返回数据(response)的时间,超过抛出read timeout)
clientHttpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(10 * 1000);
// 连接池获取请求连接的超时时间,不宜过长,必须设置/毫秒(超时间未拿到可用连接,会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool)
clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(10 * 1000);
return clientHttpRequestFactory;
}
/**
* rest模板
* @return
*/
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory) {
// boot中可使用RestTemplateBuilder.build创建
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
// 配置请求工厂
restTemplate.setRequestFactory(clientHttpRequestFactory);
return restTemplate;
}
}
4 使用
使用到的实体类如下:
@Data
@ToString
public class TempUser implements Serializable {
private String userName;
private Integer age;
}
4.1 GET请求
后台接口代码:
@RequestMapping("getUser")
public TempUser getUser(TempUser form) {
TempUser tempUser = new TempUser();
tempUser.setUserName(form.getUserName());
tempUser.setAge(form.getAge());
return tempUser;
}
4.1.1 普通访问
TempUser result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getUser?userName=张三&age=18", TempUser.class);
4.1.2 返回HTTP状态
ResponseEntity
// 获取状态对象
HttpStatus httpStatus = responseEntity.getStatusCode();
// 获取状态码
int statusCodeValue = responseEntity.getStatusCodeValue();
// 获取headers
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = responseEntity.getHeaders();
// 获取body
TempUser result = responseEntity.getBody();
4.1.3 映射请求参数
Map
paramMap.put("userName", "张三");
paramMap.put("age", 18);
TempUser result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getUser?userName={userName}&age={age}", TempUser.class, paramMap);
4.2 POST请求
4.2.1 普通访问
后台接口代码:
RequestMapping("getPostUser")
public TempUser getPostUser(@RequestBody TempUser form) {
http:// TempUser tempUser = new TempUser();
tempUser.setUserName(form.getUserName());
tempUser.setAge(form.getAge());
return tempUser;
}
(1)普通访问接口
TempUser param = new TempUser();
param.setUserName("张三");
param.setAge(18);
TempUser result = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getPostUser", param, TempUser.class);
(2)带HEAD访问接口
// 请求头信息
HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.setContentType(MediaType.valueOf("application/json;charset=UTF-8"));
//headers.add("headParam1", "headParamValue");
// 请求体内容
TempUser param = new TempUser();
param.setUserName("张三");
param.setAge(18);
// 组装请求信息
HttpEntity
TempUser result = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getPostUser", httpEntity, TempUser.class);
4.2.2 无请求体的访问
仅method为post,传参方式仍然为get的param方式
后台接口代码:
@RequestMapping("getPostUserNoBody")
public TempUser getPostUserNoBody(TempUser form) {
TempUser tempUser = new TempUser();
tempUser.setUserName(form.getUserName());
tempUser.setAge(form.getAge());
return tempUser;
}
访问方式:
Map
paramMap.put("userName", "张三");
paramMap.put("age", 18);
TempUser result = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getPostUserNoBody?userName={userName}&age={age}", null, TempUser.class, paramMap);
System.out.println(result);
4.3 上传文件
后台接口代码:
@RequestMapping("uploadFile")
public TempUser uploadFile(HttpServletRequest request, TempUser form) {
MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartHttpServletRequest = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request;
//获取文件信息
MultipartFile multipartFile = multipartHttpServletRequest.getFile("file");
TempUser tempUser = new TempUser();
if (multipartFile != null) {
tempUser.setUserName(form.getUserName()+" "+multipartFile.getOriginalFilename());
}
if(form!=null){
tempUser.setAge(form.getAge());
}
return tempUser;
}
访问方式:
// 文件
FileSystemResource file=new FileSystemResource("D:\\Elasticsearch权威指南(中文版).pdf");
// 设置请求内容
MultiValueMap
param.add("file", file);
// 其他参数
param.add("userName", "张三");
param.add("age", 18);
// 组装请求信息
HttpEntity
// 发送请求
TempUser result = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/uploadFile", httpEntity, TempUser.class);
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