Springboot之restTemplate的配置及使用方式

网友投稿 1516 2022-11-27

Springboot之restTemplate的配置及使用方式

Springboot之restTemplate的配置及使用方式

目录基础配置以下为进阶配置和使用1 场景2 依赖3 配置4 使用4.1 GET请求4.2 POST请求4.3 上传文件

在springboot项目中,可以直接注入RestTemplate使用,也可进行简单配置

基础配置

@Configuration

public class RestTemplateConfig {

@Bean

public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {

return new RestTemplate(factory);

}

@Bean

public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {

SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();

factory.setReadTimeout(150000); // ms

factory.setConnectTimeout(150000); // ms

return factory;

}

}

以下为进阶配置和使用

1 场景

java开发中,使用http连接,访问第三方网络接口,通常使用的连接工具为HttpClient和OKHttp。

这两种连接工具,使用起来比较复杂,新手容易出问题。如果使用spring框架,可以使用restTemplate来进行http连接请求。

restTemplate默认的连接方式是java中的HttpConnection,可以使用ClientHttpRequestFactory指定不同的HTTP连接方式。

2 依赖

maven依赖如下:

org.springframework

spring-web

5.2.2.RELEASE

org.apache.httpcomponents

httpclient

4.5.7

3 配置

import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;

import org.apache.http.conn.HttpClientConnectionManager;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;

import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpRequestFactory;

import org.springframework.http.client.HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration

public class RestTemplateConfig {

/**

* http连接管理

* @return

*/

@Bean

public HttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager() {

/*// 注册http和https请求

Registry registry = RegistryBuilder.create()

.register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())

.register("https", SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory())

.build();

PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);*/

PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();

// 最大连接数

poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setMaxTotal(500);

// 同路由并发数(每个主机的并发)

poolingHttpClientConnectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(100);

return poolingHttpClientConnectionManager;

}

/**

* HttpClient

* @param poolingHttpClientConnectionManager

* @return

*/

@Bean

public HttpClient httpClient(HttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager) {

HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();

// 设置http连接管理器

httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(poolingHttpClientConnectionManager);

/*// 设置重试次数

httpClientBuilder.setRetryHandler(new DefaultHttpRequestRetryHandler(3, true));*/

// 设置默认请求头

http:// /*List

headers = new ArrayList<>();

headers.add(new BasicHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive"));

httpClientBuilder.setDefaultHeaders(headers);*/

return httpClientBuilder.build();

}

/**

* 请求连接池配置

* @param httpClient

* @return

*/

@Bean

public ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory(HttpClient httpClient) {

HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();

// httpClient创建器

clientHttpRequestFactory.setHttpClient(httpClient);

// 连接超时时间/毫秒(连接上服务器(握手成功)的时间,超出抛出connect timeout)

clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);

// 数据读取超时时间(socketTimeout)/毫秒(务器返回数据(response)的时间,超过抛出read timeout)

clientHttpRequestFactory.setReadTimeout(10 * 1000);

// 连接池获取请求连接的超时时间,不宜过长,必须设置/毫秒(超时间未拿到可用连接,会抛出org.apache.http.conn.ConnectionPoolTimeoutException: Timeout waiting for connection from pool)

clientHttpRequestFactory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(10 * 1000);

return clientHttpRequestFactory;

}

/**

* rest模板

* @return

*/

@Bean

public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory clientHttpRequestFactory) {

// boot中可使用RestTemplateBuilder.build创建

RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

// 配置请求工厂

restTemplate.setRequestFactory(clientHttpRequestFactory);

return restTemplate;

}

}

4 使用

使用到的实体类如下:

@Data

@ToString

public class TempUser implements Serializable {

private String userName;

private Integer age;

}

4.1 GET请求

后台接口代码

@RequestMapping("getUser")

public TempUser getUser(TempUser form) {

TempUser tempUser = new TempUser();

tempUser.setUserName(form.getUserName());

tempUser.setAge(form.getAge());

return tempUser;

}

4.1.1 普通访问

TempUser result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getUser?userName=张三&age=18", TempUser.class);

4.1.2 返回HTTP状态

ResponseEntity responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getUser?userName=张三&age=18", TempUser.class);

// 获取状态对象

HttpStatus httpStatus = responseEntity.getStatusCode();

// 获取状态码

int statusCodeValue = responseEntity.getStatusCodeValue();

// 获取headers

HttpHeaders httpHeaders = responseEntity.getHeaders();

// 获取body

TempUser result = responseEntity.getBody();

4.1.3 映射请求参数

Map paramMap = new HashMap<>();

paramMap.put("userName", "张三");

paramMap.put("age", 18);

TempUser result = restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getUser?userName={userName}&age={age}", TempUser.class, paramMap);

4.2 POST请求

4.2.1 普通访问

后台接口代码:

RequestMapping("getPostUser")

public TempUser getPostUser(@RequestBody TempUser form) {

http:// TempUser tempUser = new TempUser();

tempUser.setUserName(form.getUserName());

tempUser.setAge(form.getAge());

return tempUser;

}

(1)普通访问接口

TempUser param = new TempUser();

param.setUserName("张三");

param.setAge(18);

TempUser result = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getPostUser", param, TempUser.class);

(2)带HEAD访问接口

// 请求头信息

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

headers.setContentType(MediaType.valueOf("application/json;charset=UTF-8"));

//headers.add("headParam1", "headParamValue");

// 请求体内容

TempUser param = new TempUser();

param.setUserName("张三");

param.setAge(18);

// 组装请求信息

HttpEntity httpEntity=new HttpEntity<>(param,headers);

TempUser result = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getPostUser", httpEntity, TempUser.class);

4.2.2 无请求体的访问

仅method为post,传参方式仍然为get的param方式

后台接口代码:

@RequestMapping("getPostUserNoBody")

public TempUser getPostUserNoBody(TempUser form) {

TempUser tempUser = new TempUser();

tempUser.setUserName(form.getUserName());

tempUser.setAge(form.getAge());

return tempUser;

}

访问方式:

Map paramMap = new HashMap<>();

paramMap.put("userName", "张三");

paramMap.put("age", 18);

TempUser result = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/getPostUserNoBody?userName={userName}&age={age}", null, TempUser.class, paramMap);

System.out.println(result);

4.3 上传文件

后台接口代码:

@RequestMapping("uploadFile")

public TempUser uploadFile(HttpServletRequest request, TempUser form) {

MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartHttpServletRequest = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request;

//获取文件信息

MultipartFile multipartFile = multipartHttpServletRequest.getFile("file");

TempUser tempUser = new TempUser();

if (multipartFile != null) {

tempUser.setUserName(form.getUserName()+" "+multipartFile.getOriginalFilename());

}

if(form!=null){

tempUser.setAge(form.getAge());

}

return tempUser;

}

访问方式:

// 文件

FileSystemResource file=new FileSystemResource("D:\\Elasticsearch权威指南(中文版).pdf");

// 设置请求内容

MultiValueMap param=new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();

param.add("file", file);

// 其他参数

param.add("userName", "张三");

param.add("age", 18);

// 组装请求信息

HttpEntity> httpEntity=new HttpEntity<>(param);

// 发送请求

TempUser result = restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/cs-admin/rest/uploadFile", httpEntity, TempUser.class);

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