在SpringBoot中注入RedisTemplate实例异常的解决方案

网友投稿 1015 2022-11-07

在SpringBoot中注入RedisTemplate实例异常的解决方案

在SpringBoot中注入RedisTemplate实例异常的解决方案

目录注入RedisTemplate实例异常贴出详细的错误日志最后想再验证一个小的问题

注入RedisTemplate实例异常

最近,在项目开发过程中使用了RedisTemplate,进行单元测试时提示

Field redisTemplate in com.example.demo1.dao.RedisDao required a bean of type ‘org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate’ that could not be found

翻译过来就是“找不到类型为RedisTemplate的bean”。

当然,仅看这句话我们无法确定为什么会出现这个问题。

贴出详细的错误日志

2018-08-10 14:53:49.761 - Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@5af3afd9] to prepare test instance [com.example.demo1.Demo1ApplicationTests@2361365c]java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83)    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:189)    at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:131)    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230)    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228)    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287)    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247)    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)    at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'redisDao': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'redisTemplate'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(Authttp://owiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:588)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inhttp://ject(InjectionMetadata.java:88)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:366)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1264)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:553)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761)    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:867)    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:543)    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:693)    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:360)    at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:303)    at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader.loadContext(SpringBootContextLoader.java:120)    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)    ... 25 common frames omittedCaused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1493)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1066)    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:585)    ... 43 common frames omitted

看到这一大段错误日志是不是有点晕,其实我们只需要看关键的错误日志就可以定位到问题。

错误日志中的第二个Caused by打印了关键的错误日志:

No qualifying bean of type ‘org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate< java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>

笔主回看写的代码,在注入RedisTemplate< K, V>时指定了具体的类型。

@Component

public class RedisDao {

/**

* 注入时指定了K、V类型

*/

@Autowired

private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

@Autowired

private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;

@Resource(name="redisTemplate")

ValueOperations valOpsObj;

@Resource(name="stringRedisTemplate")

ValueOperations valOpsStr;

}

根据错误日志查看DefaultListableBeanFactory这个类的第1493行的代码,源码如下:

/**

* 为无法解决的依赖抛出NoSuchBeanDefinitionException或BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException。

* Raise a NoSuchBeanDefinitionException or BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException

* for an unresolvable dependency.

*/

private void raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(

Class> type, ResolvableType resolvableType, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) throws BeansException {

checkBeanNotOfRequiredType(type, descriptor);

//抛出NoSuchBeanDefinitionException

throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(resolvableType,

"expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. " +

"Dependency annotations: " + ObjectUtils.nullSafeToString(descriptor.getAnnotations()));

}

/**

* 为无法解决的依赖抛出BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException,如果适用,例如,bean的目标类型匹配但是公开的代理不匹配。

*

*

* Raise a BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException for an unresolvable dependency, if applicable,

* i.e. if the target type of the bean would match but an exposed proxy doesn't.

*/

private void checkBeanNRtEHKIDxotOfRequiredType(Class> type, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {

for (String beanName : this.beanDefinitionNames) {

RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);

Class> targetType = mbd.getTargetType();

if (targetType != null && type.isAssignableFrom(targetType) &&

isAutowireCandidate(beanName, mbd, descriptor, getAutowireCandidateResolver())) {

// Probably a proxy interfering with target type match -> throw meaningful exception.

Object beanInstance = getSingleton(beanName, false);

Class> beanType = (beanInstance != null ? beanInstance.getClass() : predictBeanType(beanName, mbd));

if (!type.isAssignableFrom((beanType))) {

//抛出BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException

throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(beanName, type, beanType);

}

}

}

BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();

if (parent instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {

((DefaultListableBeanFactory) parent).checkBeanNotOfRequiredType(type, descriptor);

}

}

这两个方法说明了没有找到RedisTemplate< String, Object>可以匹配的Bean,那么这个问题该如何解决呢?不妨在使用RedisTemplate< K, V>时不指定具体的类型,修改代码如下:

/**

* 注入时不指定K、V的类型

*/

@Autowired

private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

重新启动服务,启动日志没有报错,RedisTemplate注入Bean成功了。

为什么RedisTemplate< String, Object>注入Bean会失败呢,很是纳闷。思考很久,想到RedisTemplate在SpringBoot框架中是自动配置的,容器中默认的就是RedisTemplate的实例。

想到这里,就需要翻下官网的文档,看看官网文档有没有什么说明。果然,官方文档第30.1.1章节还是针对RedisTemplate做了说明。

官方文档地址:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/htmlsingle/

If you add your own @Bean of any of the auto-configured types, it replaces the default (except in the case of RedisTemplate, when the exclusion is based on the bean name, redisTemplate, not its type).

如果针对自动配置类型添加自己的Bean,它将取代默认的。我的代码好像写的没问题啊,等等…括号中这句话才是重点啊。翻译一波,在RedisTemplate的情况下除外,当排除基于Bean的名称,而不是它的类型。英文不太好,怎么翻译好像都不大通顺。

现在好像明白了,刚才的RedisTemplate< String, Object>注入时用到了@Autowired,@Autowired默认按照类型装配的。也就是说,想要获取RedisTemplate< String, Object>的Bean,要根据名字装配。那么自然想到使用@Resource,它默认按照名字装配。

再次修改代码如下:

/**

* 注入时指定了K、V类型

*/

@Resource

private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

再次重新启动服务,启动日志没有报错,RedisTemplate< String, Object>注入Bean成功了。通过这个错误,学习到SpringBoot框架中自动配置类的一个特性。同时,也反映出学习一门技术要从官网开始,避免踩坑。

在实际开发过程中,使用RedisTemplate< K, V>不是必须指定K、V的类型,使用默认的Bean就能满足需求。

最后想再验证一个小的问题

再次修改代码如下:

/**

* Redis访问工具类

* @author zhaoheng

* @date 2018年8月10日

*/

@Component

public class RedisDao {

/**

* 注入时指定K、V类型都为String

*/

@Autowired

private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

@Autowired

private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;

/**

* 比较两个对象是否是同一个对象

*/

public boolean compare () {

LOG.info("redisTemplate的hashcode:{}", redisTemplate.hashCode());

LOG.info("stringRedisTemplate的hashcode:{}", stringRedisTemplate.hashCode());

LOG.info("equal()的结果:{}", redisTemplate.equals(stringRedisTemplate));

return redisTemplate == stringRedisTemplate;

}

}

/**

* 单元测试类

* @author zhaoheng

* @date 2018年8月10日

*/

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest

public class Demo1ApplicationTests {

private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Demo1ApplicationTests.class);

@Autowired

private RedisDao redisDao;

@Test

public void contextLoads() {

boolean flag = redisDao.compare();

LOG.info("redisTemplate和stringRedisTemplate的比较结果:{}", flag);

}

}

上边这段代码在注入RedisTemplate时指定K、V都为String类型,在compare()方法中比较redisTemplate和stringRedisTemplate是否是同一个对象。运行下单元测试类,测试结果如下:

2018-08-10 18:30:57.075 - Started Demo1ApplicationTests in 15.58 seconds (JVM running for 16.974)2018-08-10 18:30:57.360 - redisTemplate的hashcode:19960872962018-08-10 18:30:57.360 - stringRedisTemplate的hashcode:19960872962018-08-10 18:30:57.363 - equal()的结果:true2018-08-10 18:30:57.364 - redisTemplate和stringRedisTemplate的比较结果:true

测试结果表明redisTemplate和stringRedisTemplate是同一个对象。等等…这次注入RedisTemplate时指定K、V都为String为什么没有错呢?而且,两个对象竟然是同一个对象。还是来看下StringRedisTemplate的源码吧。

public class StringRedisTemplate extends RedisTemplate {

/**

* Constructs a new StringRedisTemplate instance. {@link #setConnectionFactory(RedisConnectionFactory)}

* and {@link #afterPropertiesSet()} still need to be called.

*/

public StringRedisTemplate() {

RedisSerializer stringSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer();

setKeySerializer(stringSerializer);

setValueSerializer(stringSerializer);

setHashKeySerializer(stringSerializer);

setHashValueSerializer(stringSerializer);

}

/**

* Constructs a new StringRedisTemplate instance ready to be used.

*

* @param connectionFactory connection factory for creating new connections

*/

public StringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {

this();

setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);

afterPropertiesSet();

}

protected RedisConnection preProcessConnection(RedisConnection connection, boolean existingConnection) {

return new DefaultStringRedisConnection(connection);

}

}

看了源码是不是理解了,因为StringRedisTemplate类的父类就是RedisTemplate< String, String>,而Bean默认是单例的,两个是自然是同一个对象了。

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