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2022-11-07
在SpringBoot中注入RedisTemplate实例异常的解决方案
目录注入RedisTemplate实例异常贴出详细的错误日志最后想再验证一个小的问题
注入RedisTemplate实例异常
最近,在项目开发过程中使用了RedisTemplate,进行单元测试时提示
Field redisTemplate in com.example.demo1.dao.RedisDao required a bean of type ‘org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate’ that could not be found
翻译过来就是“找不到类型为RedisTemplate的bean”。
当然,仅看这句话我们无法确定为什么会出现这个问题。
贴出详细的错误日志
2018-08-10 14:53:49.761 - Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@5af3afd9] to prepare test instance [com.example.demo1.Demo1ApplicationTests@2361365c]java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:83) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:189) at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:131) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:230) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:228) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:287) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:247) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382) at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'redisDao': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'redisTemplate'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate
看到这一大段错误日志是不是有点晕,其实我们只需要看关键的错误日志就可以定位到问题。
错误日志中的第二个Caused by打印了关键的错误日志:
No qualifying bean of type ‘org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate< java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>
笔主回看写的代码,在注入RedisTemplate< K, V>时指定了具体的类型。
@Component
public class RedisDao {
/**
* 注入时指定了K、V类型
*/
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate
@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
@Resource(name="redisTemplate")
ValueOperations
@Resource(name="stringRedisTemplate")
ValueOperations
}
根据错误日志查看DefaultListableBeanFactory这个类的第1493行的代码,源码如下:
/**
* 为无法解决的依赖抛出NoSuchBeanDefinitionException或BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException。
* Raise a NoSuchBeanDefinitionException or BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException
* for an unresolvable dependency.
*/
private void raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(
Class> type, ResolvableType resolvableType, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) throws BeansException {
checkBeanNotOfRequiredType(type, descriptor);
//抛出NoSuchBeanDefinitionException
throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(resolvableType,
"expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. " +
"Dependency annotations: " + ObjectUtils.nullSafeToString(descriptor.getAnnotations()));
}
/**
* 为无法解决的依赖抛出BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException,如果适用,例如,bean的目标类型匹配但是公开的代理不匹配。
*
*
* Raise a BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException for an unresolvable dependency, if applicable,
* i.e. if the target type of the bean would match but an exposed proxy doesn't.
*/
private void checkBeanNRtEHKIDxotOfRequiredType(Class> type, DependencyDescriptor descriptor) {
for (String beanName : this.beanDefinitionNames) {
RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
Class> targetType = mbd.getTargetType();
if (targetType != null && type.isAssignableFrom(targetType) &&
isAutowireCandidate(beanName, mbd, descriptor, getAutowireCandidateResolver())) {
// Probably a proxy interfering with target type match -> throw meaningful exception.
Object beanInstance = getSingleton(beanName, false);
Class> beanType = (beanInstance != null ? beanInstance.getClass() : predictBeanType(beanName, mbd));
if (!type.isAssignableFrom((beanType))) {
//抛出BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(beanName, type, beanType);
}
}
}
BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();
if (parent instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
((DefaultListableBeanFactory) parent).checkBeanNotOfRequiredType(type, descriptor);
}
}
这两个方法说明了没有找到RedisTemplate< String, Object>可以匹配的Bean,那么这个问题该如何解决呢?不妨在使用RedisTemplate< K, V>时不指定具体的类型,修改代码如下:
/**
* 注入时不指定K、V的类型
*/
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
重新启动服务,启动日志没有报错,RedisTemplate注入Bean成功了。
为什么RedisTemplate< String, Object>注入Bean会失败呢,很是纳闷。思考很久,想到RedisTemplate在SpringBoot框架中是自动配置的,容器中默认的就是RedisTemplate的实例。
想到这里,就需要翻下官网的文档,看看官网文档有没有什么说明。果然,官方文档第30.1.1章节还是针对RedisTemplate做了说明。
官方文档地址:https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/htmlsingle/
If you add your own @Bean of any of the auto-configured types, it replaces the default (except in the case of RedisTemplate, when the exclusion is based on the bean name, redisTemplate, not its type).
如果针对自动配置类型添加自己的Bean,它将取代默认的。我的代码好像写的没问题啊,等等…括号中这句话才是重点啊。翻译一波,在RedisTemplate的情况下除外,当排除基于Bean的名称,而不是它的类型。英文不太好,怎么翻译好像都不大通顺。
现在好像明白了,刚才的RedisTemplate< String, Object>注入时用到了@Autowired,@Autowired默认按照类型装配的。也就是说,想要获取RedisTemplate< String, Object>的Bean,要根据名字装配。那么自然想到使用@Resource,它默认按照名字装配。
再次修改代码如下:
/**
* 注入时指定了K、V类型
*/
@Resource
private RedisTemplate
再次重新启动服务,启动日志没有报错,RedisTemplate< String, Object>注入Bean成功了。通过这个错误,学习到SpringBoot框架中自动配置类的一个特性。同时,也反映出学习一门技术要从官网开始,避免踩坑。
在实际开发过程中,使用RedisTemplate< K, V>不是必须指定K、V的类型,使用默认的Bean就能满足需求。
最后想再验证一个小的问题
再次修改代码如下:
/**
* Redis访问工具类
* @author zhaoheng
* @date 2018年8月10日
*/
@Component
public class RedisDao {
/**
* 注入时指定K、V类型都为String
*/
@Autowired
private RedisTemplate
@Autowired
private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
/**
* 比较两个对象是否是同一个对象
*/
public boolean compare () {
LOG.info("redisTemplate的hashcode:{}", redisTemplate.hashCode());
LOG.info("stringRedisTemplate的hashcode:{}", stringRedisTemplate.hashCode());
LOG.info("equal()的结果:{}", redisTemplate.equals(stringRedisTemplate));
return redisTemplate == stringRedisTemplate;
}
}
/**
* 单元测试类
* @author zhaoheng
* @date 2018年8月10日
*/
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class Demo1ApplicationTests {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Demo1ApplicationTests.class);
@Autowired
private RedisDao redisDao;
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
boolean flag = redisDao.compare();
LOG.info("redisTemplate和stringRedisTemplate的比较结果:{}", flag);
}
}
上边这段代码在注入RedisTemplate时指定K、V都为String类型,在compare()方法中比较redisTemplate和stringRedisTemplate是否是同一个对象。运行下单元测试类,测试结果如下:
2018-08-10 18:30:57.075 - Started Demo1ApplicationTests in 15.58 seconds (JVM running for 16.974)2018-08-10 18:30:57.360 - redisTemplate的hashcode:19960872962018-08-10 18:30:57.360 - stringRedisTemplate的hashcode:19960872962018-08-10 18:30:57.363 - equal()的结果:true2018-08-10 18:30:57.364 - redisTemplate和stringRedisTemplate的比较结果:true
测试结果表明redisTemplate和stringRedisTemplate是同一个对象。等等…这次注入RedisTemplate时指定K、V都为String为什么没有错呢?而且,两个对象竟然是同一个对象。还是来看下StringRedisTemplate的源码吧。
public class StringRedisTemplate extends RedisTemplate
/**
* Constructs a new StringRedisTemplate
instance. {@link #setConnectionFactory(RedisConnectionFactory)}
* and {@link #afterPropertiesSet()} still need to be called.
*/
public StringRedisTemplate() {
RedisSerializer
setKeySerializer(stringSerializer);
setValueSerializer(stringSerializer);
setHashKeySerializer(stringSerializer);
setHashValueSerializer(stringSerializer);
}
/**
* Constructs a new StringRedisTemplate
instance ready to be used.
*
* @param connectionFactory connection factory for creating new connections
*/
public StringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
this();
setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
afterPropertiesSet();
}
protected RedisConnection preProcessConnection(RedisConnection connection, boolean existingConnection) {
return new DefaultStringRedisConnection(connection);
}
}
看了源码是不是理解了,因为StringRedisTemplate类的父类就是RedisTemplate< String, String>,而Bean默认是单例的,两个是自然是同一个对象了。
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