在React Native程序中处理离线/在线连接的便利工具

在React Native程序中处理离线/在线连接的便利工具

react-native-offline

Handful of utilities you should keep in your toolbelt to handle offline/online connectivity in React Native. It supports iOS, Android and Windows platforms. You can leverage all the functionalities provided or just the ones that suits your needs, the modules are conveniently decoupled.

Example app

A comprehensive example app is available within Expo to play with the library and better understand its different modules. Go and check it out!

Contents

MotivationFeaturesContributionsSponsorsInstallationAPIComponent UtilitiesNetworkProviderNetworkConsumer Integration with ReduxNetwork reducerReduxNetworkProvidernetworkSagacreateNetworkMiddlewareOffline Queue Other UtilitiescheckInternetConnection MiscellaneaFAQTesting offline behaviourDispatching CONNECTION_CHANGE as 1st action on app startupIntercept and queue actions based off server errorsPersist and rehydrate thunks in the offline queueUsing redux-saga 1.0.0-beta.x InspirationLicenseContributors

Motivation

When you are building your React Native app, you have to expect that some users may use your application in offline mode, for instance when travelling on a Plane (airplane mode) or the underground (no signal). How does your app behave in that situation? Does it show an infinite loader? Can the user still use it seamlessly?

Having an offline first class citizen app is very important for a successful user experience. React Native ships with the NetInfo module in order to detect internet connectivity. The API is pretty basic and it may be sufficient for small apps but its usage gets cumbersome as your app grows. Besides that, it only detects network connectivity and does not guarantee internet access so it can provide false positives.

This library aims to gather a variety of modules that follow React and Redux best practises, in order to make your life easier when it comes to deal with internet connectivity in your React Native application.

Features

Offline/online conditional rendering through Provider/Consumer components that leverage the new React Context APIReducer to keep your connectivity state in the Redux storeRedux middleware to intercept internet request actions in offline mode and apply DRY principleCompatibility with async middleware libraries like redux-thunk, redux-saga and redux-observableA saga to place the network event subscriptions outside of your componentsA step further than NetInfo detecting internet access besides network connectivityOffline queue support to automatically re-dispatch actions when connection is back online or dismiss actions based on other actions dispatched (i.e navigation related)Ability to check connectivity regularly100% unit test coverage

Contributions

PRs are more than welcome. If you're planning to contribute please make sure to read the contributing guide: CONTRIBUTING.md

Sponsors

If you use this library on your commercial/personal projects, you can help us by funding the work on specific issues that you choose by using IssueHunt.io!

This gives you the power to prioritize our work and support the project contributors. Moreover it'll guarantee the project will be updated and maintained in the long run.

Sponsors will be listed in the contributors section at the bottom. If you want to be removed please contact me at: rauliyohmc@gmail.com

Installation

RN >= 0.60

This library uses @react-native-community/netinfo behind the scenes, which contains native code, so you need to install it and link it as well. Follow the next steps in order:

$ yarn add react-native-offline$ yarn add @react-native-community/netinfo# extra step for iOS $ (cd ios && pod install)# Or if you use npm$ npm i react-native-offline$ npm i @react-native-community/netinfo# extra step for iOS$ (cd ios && pod install)

On RN 0.60, for Android, you may need to use jetifier to convert the native dependency to AndroidX.

Android

To request network info in Android an extra step is required, so you should add the following line to your app's AndroidManifest.xml as well:

Expo >= 35

If you are using the managed workflow, you don't need to install any extra dependency. Expo SDK already ships in with NetInfo.

$ yarn add react-native-offline# Or if you use npm$ npm i react-native-offline

API

Component Utilities

In order to render stuff conditionally with ease. They internally listen to connection changes and also provide an extra layer of reliability by ensuring there is internet access when reporting online. For that, an extra request is made to a remote server.

NetworkProvider

Provider component that injects the network state to children components via React Context. Only children prop is required, the rest are optional. It should be used on top of your components hierarchy, ideally in (or close to) the entry point.

type Props = { children: React.Node, pingTimeout?: number = 10000, pingServerUrl?: string = 'https://google.com/', shouldPing?: boolean = true, pingInterval?: number = 0, pingOnlyIfOffline?: boolean = false, pingInBackground?: boolean = false, httpMethod?: HTTPMethod = 'HEAD', customHeaders?: HTTPHeaders = {},}

Config

children: a React Element. This is the only required prop.

pingTimeout: amount of time (in ms) that the component should wait for the ping response. Defaults to 10000 ms. If you want to use a different value, it's recommended to use a higher one.

pingServerUrl: remote server to ping to. Defaults to https://google.com/ since it's probably one the most stable servers out there, but you can provide your own if needed. Warning: google.com is a blocked domain in China, so if you need your app to be accessible from there, you MUST use another domain.

shouldPing: flag that denotes whether the extra ping check will be performed or not. Defaults to true.

pingInterval: the interval (in ms) you want to ping the server at. Defaults to 0, and that means it is not going to check connectivity regularly. If opted in, it's advised not to choose a very small value, because that may drain your battery. Choose wisely. Something around 30000 ms should be fine.

pingOnlyIfOffline: when set to true and pingInterval > 0, it will ping the remote server regularly only if offline. Defaults to false.

pingInBackground: whether or not to check connectivity when app isn't in the foreground. Defaults to false.

httpMethod: http method used to ping the server. Supports HEAD or OPTIONS. Defaults to HEAD.

customHeaders: optional custom headers to add for ping request.

Usage

// index.jsimport React from 'react';import { NetworkProvider } from 'react-native-offline';import App from './App';const Root = () => ( );export default Root;

NetworkConsumer

React component that subscribes to connectivity changes. It requires a function as a child. The function receives the current connectivity status and returns a React node. This component should be rendered within a NetworkProvider in order to work properly.

Props

type NetworkState = { isConnected: boolean,}type Props = { children: ({ isConnected }: NetworkState) => React.Node}

Usage

import React from 'react';import { Image, Button, Text } from 'react-native';import { NetworkConsumer } from 'react-native-offline';const ImageViewer = () => ( {({ isConnected }) => ( isConnected ? ( ) : ( Downloading images is disabled since you are offline ) )} );

Integration with Redux

There are 3 features that this library provides in order to leverage offline capabilities in your Redux store: a reducer, a middleware and an offline queue system. You can use all of them or just the ones that suits your needs.

Network reducer

A network reducer to be provided to the store.

State

type NetworkState = { isConnected: boolean, actionQueue: Array<*>}

Usage

1.- Give the network reducer to Redux

// configureStore.jsimport { createStore, combineReducers } from 'redux'import { reducer as network } from 'react-native-offline';const rootReducer = combineReducers({ // ... your other reducers here ... network,});const store = createStore(rootReducer);export default store;

2.- Here you have 2 options:

ReduxNetworkProvider

Uses a provider component mechanism. The same props as for NetworkProvider apply. Make sure your component is a descendant of the react-redux component, so that ReduxNetworkProvider has access to the store.

// Root.jsimport store from './reduxStore';import React from 'react';import { Provider } from 'react-redux';import { ReduxNetworkProvider } from 'react-native-offline';let App = () => ( );const Root = () => ( );

networkSaga

Just fork this saga from your root saga. It accepts the same config options as NetworkProvider and ReduxNetworkProvider. Recommended if you are using redux-saga, since it's a very elegant way to deal with global connectivity changes, without having to wrap your components with extra functionality.

// rootSaga.jsimport { all } from 'redux-saga/effects';import saga1 from './saga1';import saga2 from './saga2';import { networkSaga } from 'react-native-offline';export default function* rootSaga(): Generator<*, *, *> { yield all([ fork(saga1), fork(saga2), fork(networkSaga, { pingInterval: 20000 }), ]);}

3.- Access your network state in your components using mapStateToProps(), as state-work.isConnected.

Note: If you wanna listen to the action dispatched internally in your reducers, import the offline action types and reference CONNECTION_CHANGE:

import { offlineActionTypes } from 'react-native-offline';...if(action.type === offlineActionTypes.CONNECTION_CHANGE) // do something in your reducer...

createNetworkMiddleware()

Function that returns a Redux middleware which listens to specific actions targeting API calls in online/offline mode.

createNetworkMiddleware(config: MiddlewareConfig): ReduxMiddlewaretype MiddlewareConfig = { regexActionType?: RegExp = /FETCH.*REQUEST/, actionTypes?: Array = [], queueReleaseThrottle?: number = 50, shouldDequeueSelector: (state: RootReduxState) => boolean = () => true}

PO Config

This is the setup you need to put in place for libraries such as redux-saga or redux-observable, which rely on plain actions being dispatched to trigger async flow:

regexActionType: regular expression to indicate the action types to be intercepted in offline mode. By default it's configured to intercept actions for fetching data following the Redux convention. That means that it will intercept actions with types such as FETCH_USER_ID_REQUEST, FETCH_PRODUCTS_REQUEST etc.

actionTypes: array with additional action types to intercept that don't fulfil the RegExp criteria. For instance, it's useful for actions that carry along refreshing data, such as REFRESH_LIST.

queueReleaseThrottle: waiting time in ms between dispatches when flushing the offline queue. Useful to reduce the server pressure when coming back online. Defaults to 50ms.

shouldDequeueSelector: function that receives the redux application state and returns a boolean. It'll be executed every time an action is dispatched, before it reaches the reducer. This is useful to control if the queue should be released when the connection is regained and there were actions queued up. Returning true (the default behaviour) releases the queue, whereas returning false prevents queue release. For example, you may wanna perform some authentication checks, prior to releasing the queue. Note, if the result of shouldDequeueSelector changes while the queue is being released, the queue will not halt. If you want to halt the queue while is being released, please see relevant FAQ section.

Thunks Config

For redux-thunk library, the async flow is wrapped inside functions that will be lazily evaluated when dispatched, so our store is able to dispatch functions as well. Therefore, the configuration differs:

Make sure to use a named function instead of an anonymous arrow function for the thunk returned by your action creator.Use interceptInOffline property in your thunk and set it to true.

Example:

export const fetchUser = (url) => { function thunk(dispatch) { fetch(url) .then((response) => response.json()) .then((responseJson) => { dispatch({type: FETCH_USER_SUCCESS, payload: responseJson}); }) .catch((error) => { console.error(error); }); }; thunk.interceptInOffline = true; // This is the important part return thunk; // Return it afterwards};

Usage

You should apply the middleware to the store using applyMiddleware. The network middleware should be the first on the chain, before any other middleware used for handling async actions, such as redux-thunk, redux-saga or redux-observable.

import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from 'redux';import { createNetworkMiddleware } from 'react-native-offline';import createSagaMiddleware from 'redux-saga';const sagaMiddleware = createSagaMiddleware();const networkMiddleware = createNetworkMiddleware({ queueReleaseThrottle: 200,});const store = createStore( rootReducer, applyMiddleware(networkMiddleware, sagaMiddleware));

When you attempt to fetch data on the internet by means of dispatching a plain action or a thunk in offline mode, the middleware blocks the action and dispatches an action of type @@network-connectivity/FETCH_OFFLINE_MODE instead, containing useful information about "what you attempted to do". The action dispatched signature for plain objects is as follows:

type FetchOfflineModeActionForPO = { type: '@@network-connectivity/FETCH_OFFLINE_MODE', payload: { prevAction: { type: string, // Your previous action type payload?: any, // Your previous payload } }}

And for thunks it attaches it under prevThunk property:

type FetchOfflineModeActionForThunks = { type: '@@network-connectivity/FETCH_OFFLINE_MODE', payload: { prevThunk: Function }}

That allows you to react conveniently and update your state in the way you desire, based on your previous intent. Just reference FETCH_OFFLINE_MODE action type in your reducer:

import { offlineActionTypes } from 'react-native-offline';...if(action.type === offlineActionTypes.FETCH_OFFLINE_MODE) // do something in your reducer...

SnackBars, Dialog, Popups, or simple informative text are good means of conveying to the user that the operation failed due to lack of internet connection.

Offline Queue

A queue system to store actions that failed due to lack of connectivity. It works for both plain object actions and thunks. It allows you to:

Re-dispatch the action/thunk as soon as the internet connection is back online againDismiss the action from the queue based on a different action dispatched (i.e. navigating to a different screen, the fetch action is no longer relevant)

Managing duplicate actions

If a similar action already exists on the queue, we remove it and push it again to the end, so it has an overriding effect. The default criteria to detect duplicates is by using lodash.isEqual for plain actions and thunk.toString() for thunks/functions. However, you can customise the comparison function to acommodate it to your needs. For that, you need to use the factory version for your network reducer. Please remember to name network the key of your reducer.

// configureStore.jsimport { createStore, combineReducers } from 'redux'import { createReducer as createNetworkReducer } from 'react-native-offline';import { comparisonFn } from './utils';const rootReducer = combineReducers({ // ... your other reducers here ... // Use network key, that's important! network: createNetworkReducer(comparisonFn),});const store = createStore(rootReducer);export default store;

The comparison function receives the action dispatched when offline and the current actionQueue. The result of the function will be either undefined, meaning no match found, or the action that matches the passed in action. So basically, you need to return the upcoming action if you wish to replace an existing one. An example of how to use it can be found here.

function comparisonFn( action: ReduxAction | ReduxThunk, actionQueue: Array,): ?(ReduxAction | ReduxThunk)

Plain Objects

In order to configure your PO actions to interact with the offline queue you need to use the meta property in your actions, following flux standard actions convention. They need to adhere to the below API:

type ActionToBeQueued = { type: string, payload?: any, meta: { retry?: boolean, // By passing true, your action will be enqueued on offline mode dismiss?: Array // Array of actions which, once dispatched, will trigger a dismissal from the queue }}

Examples

Action that will be added to the queue on offline mode and that will be re-dispatched as soon as the connection is back online again

const action = { type: 'FETCH_USER_ID', payload: { id: 2 }, meta: { retry: true }};

Action that will be added to the queue on offline mode and that will be re-dispatched as soon as the connection is back online again, as long as a NAVIGATE_BACK action type hasn't been dispatched in between, in which case the action would be removed from the queue.

const action = { type: 'FETCH_USER_ID', payload: { id: 2 }, meta: { retry: true, dismiss: ['NAVIGATE_BACK'] }};

Thunks

For thunks, append interceptInOffline and meta properties to the function returned by the action creator, where meta has the same shape as for Flux actions:

function fetchData(dispatch, getState) { dispatch({ type: FETCH_USER_ID_REQUEST, payload: { id: '3' } }); ...}fetchData.interceptInOffline = true; // In order to be intercepted by the middlewarefetchData.meta = { retry?: boolean, // By passing true, your thunk will be enqueued on offline mode dismiss?: Array // Array of actions which, once dispatched, will trigger a dismissal from the queue}

Other utilities

checkInternetConnection()

Utility function that allows you to query for internet connectivity on demand. If you have integrated this library with redux, you can then dispatch a CONNECTION_CHANGE action type to inform the network reducer accordingly and keep it up to date. Check the example below.

Note: It's recommended to always set shouldPing to true (the default behaviour), in order to prevent inconsistent behaviour on iOS for RN < 0.57.

checkInternetConnection( url?: string = 'https://google.com/', pingTimeout?: number = 10000, shouldPing?: boolean = true, method?: HTTPMethod = 'HEAD'): Promise

Example

import { checkInternetConnection, offlineActionCreators } from 'react-native-offline';async function internetChecker(dispatch) { const isConnected = await checkInternetConnection(); const { connectionChange } = offlineActionCreators; // Dispatching can be done inside a connected component, a thunk (where dispatch is injected), saga, or any sort of middleware // In this example we are using a thunk dispatch(connectionChange(isConnected));}

Miscellanea

FAQ

How to test offline behavior while actually being online

You can use pingServerUrl and set it to a non existing url or point to some server that is down. Don't forget to also set shouldPing to true (which is the default behaviour).

Don't rely too much on iOS simulators and switching on/off the internet connection on your computer, they are quite buggy and report inconsistent connectivity information. On the other hand, testing on real devices should be fine.

How to orchestrate Redux to dispatch CONNECTION_CHANGE as the first action when the app starts up

The solution assumes you are using Redux Persist v5.x and involves using some local state in your top most component and tweaking the configureStore function a bit, so that it can notify your root React component to render the whole application when the required initialisation has taken place. In this case, by initialisation, we are talking about rehydrating the store from disk and detecting initial internet connection.

As you can see in the snippets below, we create the store instance as usual and return it in our configureStore function. The only difference is that the function is still alive and will invoke the callback as soon as 2 actions are dispatched into the store (in order):

REHYDRATE from redux-persistCONNECTION_CHANGE from react-native-offline

// configureStore.jsimport { createStore, applyMiddleware } from 'redux';import { persistStore } from 'redux-persist';import AsyncStorage from '@react-native-community/async-storage';import { createNetworkMiddleware, offlineActionCreators, checkInternetConnection } from 'react-native-offline';import rootReducer from '../reducers';const networkMiddleware = createNetworkMiddleware();export default function configureStore(callback) { const store = createStore(rootReducer, applyMiddleware(networkMiddleware)); const { connectionChange } = offlineActionCreators; // https://github.com/rt2zz/redux-persist#persiststorestore-config-callback persistStore(store, null, () => { // After rehydration completes, we detect initial connection checkInternetConnection().then(isConnected => { store.dispatch(connectionChange(isConnected)); callback(); // Notify our root component we are good to go, so that we can render our app }); }); return store;}

Then, our root React component will have some local state, that initially will impose the component to return null, waiting until the async operations complete. Then, we trigger a setState to render the application.

// App.jsimport React, { Component } from 'react';import { Provider } from 'react-redux';import configureStore from './store';import Root from './Root';class App extends Component { constructor(props) { super(props); this.state = { isLoading: true, store: configureStore(() => this.setState({ isLoading: false })), }; } render() { if (this.state.isLoading) return null; return ( ); }}export default App;

This way, we make sure the right actions are dispatched before anything else can be.

How do I stop the queue while it is being released?

You can do that by dispatching a CHANGE_QUEUE_SEMAPHORE action using changeQueueSemaphore action creator. This action is used to manually stop and resume the queue even if it's being released.

It works in the following way: if a changeQueueSemaphore('RED') action is dispatched, queue release is now halted. It will only resume if another if changeQueueSemaphore('GREEN') is dispatched.

import { offlineActionCreators } from 'react-native-offline';...async function weHaltQeueeReleaseHere(){ const { changeQueueSemaphore } = offlineActionCreators; dispatch(changeQueueSemaphore('RED')) // The queue is now halted and it won't continue dispatching actions await somePromise(); dispatch(changeQueueSemaphore('GREEN')) // The queue is now resumed and it will continue dispatching actions}

How to intercept and queue actions when the server responds with client (4xx) or server (5xx) errors

You can do that by dispatching a FETCH_OFFLINE_MODE action using fetchOfflineMode action creator.

import { offlineActionCreators } from 'react-native-offline';...fetch('someurl/data').catch(error => { dispatch(offlineActionCreators.fetchOfflineMode(action)) // <-- action is the one that triggered your api call);

How to persist and rehydrate thunks in the offline queue with Redux Persist

Due to the way Redux Persist serializes the store, persisting and rehydrating thunks will return an invalid action. Fortunately, there is a workaround.

In your action creator, make sure to format it as specified from the thunks config with a couple of additions.

// actions.jsexport const fetchUser = (url) => { function thunk(dispatch) { fetch(url) .then((response) => response.json()) .then((responseJson) => { dispatch({type: FETCH_USER_SUCCESS, payload: responseJson}); }) .catch((error) => { console.error(error); }); }; thunk.interceptInOffline = true; // Add these thunk.meta = { retry: true, name: 'fetchUser', // This should be the name of your function args: [url], // These are the arguments for the function. Add more as needed. }; return thunk;};

Add the following into your redux store. Refer to the transforms section for more information on how Redux Persist transforms data.

// store.jsimport { fetchUser } from './actions.js';import { fetchOtherUsers } from './otherActions.js';// We have to map our actions to an objectconst actions = { fetchUser, fetchOtherUsers,};// Transform how the persistor reads the network stateconst networkTransform = createTransform( (inboundState, key) => { const actionQueue = []; inboundState.actionQueue.forEach(action => { if (typeof action === 'function') { actionQueue.push({ function: action.meta.name, args: action.meta.args, }); } else if (typeof action === 'object') { actionQueue.push(action); } }); return { ...inboundState, actionQueue, }; }, (outboundState, key) => { const actionQueue = []; outboundState.actionQueue.forEach(action => { if (action.function) { const actionFunction = actions[action.function]; actionQueue.push(actionFunction(...action.args)); } else { actionQueue.push(action); } }); return { ...outboundState, actionQueue }; }, // The 'network' key may change depending on what you // named your network reducer. { whitelist: ['network'] },);const persistConfig = { key: 'root', storage, transforms: [networkTransform], // Add the transform into the persist config};

Using redux-saga 1.0.0-beta.x

If you are using a 1.0.0-beta.x version for redux-saga in your application, you may have some conflicts when yarn install dependencies, since this library relies on the latest stable version 0.16.2 and that could take precedence on your node_modules. In order to fix it, you can use yarn resolutions by adding the next lines of code to your package.json, where x is the beta version number:

"resolutions": { "react-native-offline/redux-saga": "^1.0.0-beta.x" },

Inspiration

Thanks to Spencer Carli for his awesome article about Handling Offline actions in React Native, which served me as inspiration for the offline queue implementation.

License

MIT

Contributors

Thanks goes to these wonderful people (emoji key):

This project follows the all-contributors specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!

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