SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ实现交换机与队列的绑定

SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ实现交换机与队列的绑定

目录简介配置方法概述法1：配置类(简洁方法)(推荐）法2：配置类(繁琐方法)(不推荐)法3：使用方配置(不推荐)法4：MQ服务端网页(不推荐)

简介

本文用实例介绍SpringBoot中RabbitMQ如何绑定交换机（交换器）与队列。

配置方法概述

交换机

下边两种方式等价。

ExchangeBuilder-icExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME).durable(true).build();

new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, true, false)

队列

下边两种方式等价

QueueBuilder.durable("Hi").build();

new Queue(QUEUE_HI, true)

绑定

下边两种方式等价

注意：第一种的参数并不是字符串。

BindingBuilder.bind(helloQueue).to(welcomExchange).with("hello.#")

new Binding("Queue@hello", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,

"Exchange@topic.welcome", "hello.#", null)

法1：配置类(简洁方法)(推荐）

package com.example.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration

public class RabbitMQRouterConfig {

public static final String QUEUE_HELLO = "Queue@hello";

public static final String QUEUE_HI = "Queue@hi";

public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME = "Exchange@topic.welcome";

public static final String ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS = "hello.#";

@Autowired

private AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin;

@Bean

public Object initBindingTest() {

amqpAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, true, false));

amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue(QUEUE_HI, true));

amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue(QUEUE_HELLO, true));

amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,

EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, null));

return new Object();

}

}

amqpAdmin.declareBinding

需要一个Binding对象作为参数

exchange：交换器名称type：交换器类型。BuiltinExchangeType枚举类，有以下4中类型交换器：DIRECT(“direct”), FANOUT(“fanout”), TOPIC(“topic”), HEADERS(“headers”)durable：设置是否持久化。true：持久化，false：非持久化。持久化可以将交换器存盘，在服务器重启时不会丢失相关消息。autoDelete：设置是否自动删除。true：自动删除，false：不自动删除。自动删除的前提是至少有一个队列或交换器与这个交换器绑定，之后所有与这个交换器绑定的队列或交换器都与此交换器解绑。internal：设置是否内置的。true：内置交换器，false：非内置交换器。内置交换器，客户端无法直接发送消息到这个交换器中，只能通过交换器路由到交换器这种方式。arguments：其他一些结构化参数。如备份交换器：alternate-exchange、超时时间。示例配置超时时间方法：

Map params = new HashMap();

params.put("x-message-ttl", 2000);

amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,

EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, params));

法2：配置类(繁琐方法)(不推荐)

不推荐的原因

适用于队列和交换器不多时。

代码示例

package com.lly.order.message;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration

public class RabbitMQConfig {

public final static String QUEUE_DIRECT = "Queue@direct";

public final static String QUEUE_TOPIC_ONE = "Queue@topic_one";

public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO = "Queue@topic_two";

public final static String QUEUE_FANOUT_ONE = "Queue@fanout_one";

public final static String QUEUE_FANOUT_TWO = "Queue@fanout_two";

public final static String EXCHANGE_TOPIC = "Exchange@topic";

public final static String EXCHANGE_FANOUT = "Exchange@fanout";

public final static String ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_ONE = "hello.key";

public final static String ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_TWO = "*.key";

// direct模式队列

@Bean

public Queue directQueue() {

return new Queue(QUEUE_DIRECT, true);

}

// topic 订阅者模式队列

@Bean

public Queue topicQueueOne() {

return new Queue(QUEUE_TOPIC_ONE, true);

}

@Bean

public Queue topicQueueTwo() {

return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO, true);

}

// fanout 广播者模式队列

@Bean

public Queue fanoutQueueOne() {

return new Queue(QUEUE_FANOUT_ONE, true);

}

@Bean

public Queue fanoutQueueTwo() {

return new Queue(QUEUE_FANOUT_TWO, true);

}

// topic 交换器

@Bean

public TopicExchange topExchange() {

return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC);

}

// fanout 交换器

@Bean

public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {

return new FanoutExchange(EXCHANGE_FANOUT);

}

// 订阅者模式绑定

@Bean

public Binding topicExchangeBingiSFFIewCkungOne() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueOne()).to(topExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_ONE);

}

@Bean

public Binding topicExchangeBingingTwo() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueTwo()).to(topicExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_TWO);

}

// 广播模式绑定

@Bean

public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingOne() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueOne()).to(fanoutExchange());

}

@Bean

public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingTwo() {

return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueTwo()).to(fanoutExchange());

}

}

法3：使用方配置(不推荐)

不推荐的原因

RabbitMQ的配置最好是统一在一个地方配置，分散配置不利于后期维护。

使用方法

@Component

public class Receiver {

@RabbitListener(queues = "hello")

public void process(String hello) {

System.out.println ("Receiver : " + hello);

}

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(

exchange = @Exchange(value = "Exchange@topic.Hello",durable = "true",type = "topic"),

value = @Queue(value = "Queue@Hello",durable = "true"),

key = "key.#"

))

public void processMessage1(Message message) {

System.out.println(message);

}

}

法4：MQ服务端网页(不推荐)

不推荐的原因

使用方法

添加交换器

http://localhost:15672/#/exchanges   //例如：Exchange@topic.Hello

添加队列

http://localhost:15672/#/queues            //例如：Queue@Hello

交换器添加路由键

http://localhost:15672/#/exchanges=> 点击交换器名字=> Binding=> 添加队列与路由

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