Spring Security实现HTTP认证

Spring Security实现HTTP认证

目录前言一、HTTP基本认证是什么？二、HTTP基本认证流程一.Spring Security使用HTTP基本认证1.创建项目spring-security-http-auth2.创建配置文件WebSecurityConfig3.运行项目二.Spring Security HTTP基本认证原理三.HTTP摘要认证是什么？四.Spring Security使用HTTP摘要认证流程？运行项目

Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。它提供了一组可以在Spring应用上下文中配置的Bean，充分利用了Spring IoC（控制反转），DI（依赖注入）和AOP（面向切面编程）功能，为应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制功能，减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

前言

除系统内维护的用户名和密码认证技术外，Spring Security还支持HTTP层面的认证，包括HTTP基本认证和HTTP摘要认证

一、HTTP基本认证是什么？

HTTP基本认证是在RFC2616中定义的一种认证模式。

二、HTTP基本认证流程

客户端发起一条没有携带认证信息的请求。服务器返回一条401 Unauthorized响应， 并在WWW-Authentication首部说明认证形式， 当进行HTTP基本认证时， WWW-Authentication会被设置为Basic realm=“被保护页面”。客户端收到401 Unauthorized 响应后， 弹出对话框， 询问用户名和密码。 当用户完成后， 客户端将用户名和密码使用冒号拼接并编码为Base64形式， 然后放入请求的Authorization首部http://发送给服务器。服务器解码得到客户端发来的用户名和密码，并在验证它们是正确的之后，返回客户端请求的报文

有上面可以看出只需要验证Authentication即可，因此如果不使用浏览器访问HTTP基本认证保护的页面，则自行在请求头中设置Authorization也是可以.

HTTP基本认证是一种无状态的认证方式，与表单认证相比，HTTP基本认证是一种基于HTTP层面的认证方式，无法携带session，即无法实现Remember-ME功能。另外，用户名和密码在传递时仅做一次简单的Base64编码，几乎等同于明文传输，极易出现密码被窃听和重放攻击等安全性问题，在实际系统开发中很少使用这种方式来进行安全验证。 如果有必要，也应使用加密的传输层HTTPS来保障安全.

一.Spring Security使用HTTP基本认证

1.创建项目spring-security-http-auth

pom.xml:

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-security

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-web

2.创建配置文件WebSecurityConfig

@EnableWebSecurity

public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

@Override

protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and().httpBasic();

}

}

上面的配置最后添加了httpBasic()，使用http基本认证

3.运行项目

访问本地项目，http://localhost:8080

会弹出登陆框，我们看到调试工具中返回了401无权限。

我们使用Spring Security提供的默认的用户名和密码登陆。

登陆成功后，header中就会有Authorization: Basic dXNlcjo0NWU2NzViOC1hZGYwLTQzNzMtYjA2MS02MGE0YzkzZjA2ZGU=

二.Spring Security HTTP基本认证原理

上面我们实现了HTTP基本认证，我们看看其中Spring Security中是如何做到的？我们使用HTTP基本认证的时候，在配置类中使用httpBasic()进行处理。httpBasic方法：

public HttpBasicConfigurer httpBasic() throws Exception {

return (HttpBasicConfigurer)this.getOrApply(new HttpBasicConfigurer());

}

上面可以看出，Spring Security进行HTTP基本认证是使用HttpBasicConfigurer配置类进行的。HttpBasicConfigurer.class:

//构建HttpBasicConfigurer

public HttpBasicConfigurer() {

this.realmName("Realm");

LinkedHashMap entryPoints = new LinkedHashMap();

entryPoints.put(X_REQUESTED_WITH, new HttpStatusEntryPoint(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED));

DelegatingAuthenticationEntryPoint defaultEntryPoint = new DelegatingAuthenticationEntryPoint(entryPoints);

defaultEntryPoint.setDefaultEntryPoint(this.basicAuthEntryPoint);

this.authenticationEntryPoint = defaultEntryPoint;

}

//进行配置

public void configure(B http) {

//进行认证管理

AuthenticationManager authenticationManager = (AuthenticationManager)http.getSharedObject(AuthenticationManager.class);

//声明basic认证-

BasicAuthenticationFilter basicAuthenticationFilter = new BasicAuthenticationFilter(authenticationManager, this.authenticationEntryPoint);

if (this.authenticationDetailsSource != null) {

basicAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationDetailsSource(this.authenticationDetailsSource);

}

//注册一个RememberMeServices

RememberMeServices rememberMeServices = (RememberMeServices)http.getSharedObject(RememberMeServices.class);

if (rememberMeServices != null) {

//设置rememberMeServices

basicAuthenticationFilter.setRememberMeServices(rememberMeServices);

}

//申明basicAuthenticationFilter过滤器

basicAuthenticationFilter = (BasicAuthenticationFilter)this.postProcess(basicAuthenticationFilter);

http.addFilter(basicAuthenticationFilter);

}

上面声明BasicAuthenticationFilter并添加到-链中BasicAuthenticationFilter.class:

protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

try {

//获取token

UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = this.authenticationConverter.convert(request);

//authRequest为空直接放行

if (authRequest == null) {

this.logger.trace("Did not process authentication request since failed to find username and password in Basic Authorization header");

chain.doFilter(request, response);

return;

}

//获取用户名

String username = authRequest.getName();

this.logger.trace(LogMessage.format("Found username '%s' in Basic Authorization header", username));

if (this.authenticationIsRequired(username)) {

Authentication authResult = this.authenticationManager.authenticate(authRequest);

//创建上下文

SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();

context.setAuthentication(authResult);

//设置响应的上下文

SecurityContextHolder.setContext(context);

if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {

this.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Set SecurityContextHolder to %s", authResult));

}

this.rememberMeServices.loginSuccess(request, response, authResult);

this.onSuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, authResult);

}

} catch (AuthenticationException var8) {

SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();

this.logger.debug("Failed to process authentication request", var8);

this.rememberMeServices.loginFail(request, response);

this.onUnsuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, var8);

if (this.ignoreFailure) {

chain.doFilter(request, response);

} else {

this.authenticationEntryPoint.commence(request, response, var8);

}

return;

}

chain.doFilter(request, response);

}

BasicAuthenticationEntryPoint返回进行响应的处理

public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {

//添加响应响应头

response.addHeader("WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"" + this.realmName + "\"");

response.sendError(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value(), HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.getReasonPhrase());

}

三.HTTP摘要认证是什么？

HTTP摘要认证和HTTP基本认证一样，也是在RFC2616中定义的认证模式，RFC2617专门对这两种认证模式做了规定。与 HTTP 基本认证相比，HTTP 摘要认证使用对通信双方都可知的口令进行校验，且最终的传输数据并非明文形式。

摘要认证是一种协议规定的Web服务器用来同网页浏览器进行认证信息协商的方法。它在密码发出前，先对其应用哈希函数，这相对于HTTP基本认证发送明文而言，更安全。

从技术上讲，摘要认证是使用随机数来阻止进行密码分析的MD5加密哈希函数应用。HTTP摘要认证流程：

HTTP摘要认证中的相关参数：

username： 用户名。password： 用户密码。realm： 认证域， 由服务器返回。opaque： 透传字符串， 客户端应原样返回。method： 请求的方法。nonce： 由服务器生成的随机字符串。nc： 即nonce-count， 指请求的次数， 用于计数， 防止重放攻击。 qop被指定时， nc也必须被指定。cnonce： 客户端发给服务器的随机字符串， qop被指定时， cnonce也必须被指定。qop： 保护级别， 客户端根据此参数指定摘要算法。 若取值为auth， 则只进行身份验证； 若取值为auth-int， 则还需要校验内容完整性。uri： 请求的uri。response：客户端根据算法算出的摘要值。algorithm：摘要算法， 目前仅支持MD5。entity-body：页面实体，非消息实体，仅在auth-int中支持。通常服务器携带的数据包括realm、 opaque、 nonce、 qop等字段， 如果客户端需要做出验证回应，就必须按照一定的算法计算得到一些新的数据并一起返回。

四.Spring Security使用HTTP摘要认证流程？

在Spring Security中没有像HTTP基础认证那样，通过httpBasic()方法进行集成HTTP摘要认证，但是Spring Security提供了像BasicAuthenticationEntryPoint一样的DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint.就是我们需要将DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint添加到filter过滤器中去处理。代码如下：WebSecurityConfig类：

@EnableWebSecurity

public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

@Autowired

private DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint;

@Autowired

private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

@Override

protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

http.authorizeRequests().anyRequest().authenticated().and()

.exceptionHandling()

.authenticationEntryPoint(digestAuthenticationEntryPoint)

.and().addFilter(digestAuthenticationFilter());

}

public DigestAuthenticationFilter digestAuthenticationFilter(){

DigestAuthenticationFilter digestAuthenticationFilter = new DigestAuthenticationFilter();

digestAuthenticationFilter.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);

digestAuthenticationFilter.setAuthenticationEntryPoint(digestAuthenticationEntryPoint);

return digestAuthenticationFilter;

}

}

申明DigestAuthenticationEntryPointBean:

@Bean

public DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint(){

DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint = new DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint();

digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setRealmName("realName");

digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setKey("tony");

return digestAuthenticationEntryPoint;

}

@Bean

public DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint(){

DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint digestAuthenticationEntryPoint = new DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint();

digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setRealmName("realm");

digestAuthenticationEntryPoint.setKey("tony");

return digestAuthenticationEntryPoint;

}

@Bean

public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {

InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();

manager.createUser(User.withUsername("tony").password("123456").roles("admin").build());

return manager;

}

@Bean

public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {

return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();

}

运行项目

访问主页，http://localhost:8080,返回如下页面：

我们输入用户名和密码登陆。

当长时间未登录，随机字符串到期了也登陆不上。默认的过期时间为300s，我们可以通过设置时间。DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint中realmName和key是必须要设置的。相关源码：

public void afterPropertiesSet() {

Assert.hasLength(this.realmName, "realmName must be specified");

Assert.hasLength(this.key, "key must be specified");

}

public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException {

//计算过期时间

long expiryTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + (long)(this.nonceValiditySeconds * 1000);

//计算签名值

String signatureValue = DigestAuthUtils.md5Hex(expiryTime + ":" + this.key);

//随机字符串

String nonceValue = expiryTime + ":" + signatureValue;

//随机字符串base64

String nonceValueBase64 = new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(nonceValue.getBytes()));

String authenticateHeader = "Digest realm=\"" + this.realmName + "\", qop=\"auth\", nonce=\"" + nonceValueBase64 + "\"";

if (authException instanceof NonceExpiredException) {

authenticateHeader = authenticateHeader + ", stale=\"true\"";

}

logger.debug(LogMessage.format("WWW-Authenticate header sent to user agent: %s", authenticateHeader));

response.addHeader("WWW-Authenticate", authenticateHeader);

response.sendError(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value(), HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.getReasonPhrase());

}

进行处理的时候使用DigestAuthenticationFilter进行处理

public void afterPropertiesSet() {

//必须设置userDetailsService

Assert.notNull(this.userDetailsService, "A UserDetailsService is required");

//必须设置authenticationEntryPoint

Assert.notNull(this.authenticationEntryPoint, "A DigestAuthenticationEntryPoint is required");

}

private void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

String header = request.getHeader("Authorization");

if (header != null && header.startsWith("Digest ")) {

logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Digest Authorization header received from user agent: %s", header));

DigestAuthenticationFilter.DigestData digestAuth = new DigestAuthenticationFilter.DigestData(header);

try {

//验证并且解密

digestAuth.validateAndDecode(this.authenticationEntryPoint.getKey(), this.authenticationEntryPoint.getRealmName());

} catch (BadCredentialsException var11) {

this.fail(request, response, var11);

return;

}

//缓存

boolean cacheWasUsed = true;

//缓存用户数据

UserDetails user = this.userCache.getUserFromCache(digestAuth.getUsername());

String serverDigestMd5;

try {

if (user == null) {

cacheWasUsed = false;

user = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(digestAuth.getUsername());

if (user == null) {

throw new AuthenticationServiceException("AuthenticationDao returned null, which is an interface contract violation");

}

this.userCache.putUserInCache(user);

}

//服务器md5摘要

serverDigestMd5 = digestAuth.calculateServerDigest(user.getPassword(), request.getMethod());

if (!serverDigestMd5.equals(digestAuth.getResponse()) && cacheWasUsed) {

logger.debug("Digest comparison failure; trying to refresh user from DAO in case password had changed");

user = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(digestAuth.getUsername());

this.userCache.putUserInCache(user);

serverDigestMd5 = digestAuth.calculateServerDigest(user.getPassword(), request.getMethod());

}

} catch (UsernameNotFoundException var12) {

String message = this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.usernameNotFound", new Object[]{digestAuth.getUsername()}, "Username {0} not found");

this.fail(request, response, new BadCredentialsException(message));

return;

}

String message;

if (!serverDigestMd5.equals(digestAuth.getResponse())) {

logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Expected response: '%s' but received: '%s'; is AuthenticationDao returning clear text passwords?", serverDigestMd5, digestAuth.getResponse()));

message = this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.incorrectResponse", "Incorrect response");

this.fail(request, response, new BadCredentialsException(message));

} else if (digestAuth.isNonceExpired()) {

message = this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceExpired", "Nonce has expired/timed out");

this.fail(request, response, new NonceExpiredException(message));

} else {

logger.debug(LogMessage.formathttp://("Authentication success for user: '%s' with response: '%s'", digestAuth.getUsername(), digestAuth.getResponse()));

Authentication authentication = this.createSuccessfulAuthentication(request, user);

SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.createEmptyContext();

context.setAuthentication(authentication);

SecurityContextHolder.setContext(context);

chain.doFilter(request, response);

}

} else {

chain.doFilter(request, response);

}

}

DigestData为摘要数据：

private class DigestData {

//用户名

private final String username;

//认证域

private final String realm;

//随机字符串

private final String nonce;

private final String uri;

private final String response;

//保护级别

private final String qop;

//即nonce-count， 指请求的次数， 用于计数， 防止重放攻击

private final String nc;

private final String cnonce;

private final String section212response;

private long nonceExpiryTime;

DigestData(String header) {

this.section212response = header.substring(7);

String[] headerEntries = DigestAuthUtils.splitIgnoringQuotes(this.section212response, ',');

Map headerMap = DigestAuthUtils.splitEachArrayElementAndCreateMap(headerEntries, "=", "\"");

this.username = (String)headerMap.get("username");

this.realm = (String)headerMap.get("realm");

this.nonce = (String)headerMap.get("nonce");

this.uri = (String)headerMap.get("uri");

this.response = (String)headerMap.get("response");

this.qop = (String)headerMap.get("qop");

this.nc = (String)headerMap.get("nc");

this-once = (String)headerMap.get("cnonce");

DigestAuthenticationFilter.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Extracted username: '%s'; realm: '%s'; nonce: '%s'; uri: '%s'; response: '%s'", new Object[]{this.username, this.realm, this.nonce, this.uri, this.response}));

}

//验证和解密

void validateAndDecode(String entryPointKey, String expectedRealm) throws BadCredentialsException {

if (this.username != null && this.realm != null && this.nonce != null && this.uri != null && this.response != null) {

if ("auth".equals(this.qop) && (this.nc == null || this-once == null)) {

DigestAuthenticationFilter.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("extracted nc: '%s'; cnonce: '%s'", this.nc, this-once));

throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.missingAuth", new Object[]{this.section212response}, "Missing mandatory digest value; received header {0}"));

} else if (!expectedRealm.equals(this.realm)) {

throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.incorrectRealm", new Object[]{this.realm, expectedRealm}, "Response realm name '{0}' does not match system realm name of '{1}'"));

} else {

byte[] nonceBytes;

try {

nonceBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(this.nonce.getBytes());

} catch (IllegalArgumentException var8) {

throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceEncoding", new Object[]{this.nonce}, "Nonce is not encoded in Base64; received nonce {0}"));

}

String nonceAsPlainText = new String(nonceBytes);

String[] nonceTokens = StringUtils.delimitedListToStringArray(nonceAsPlainText, ":");

if (nonceTokens.length != 2) {

throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceNotTwoTokens", new Object[]{nonceAsPlainText}, "Nonce should have yielded two tokens but was {0}"));

} else {

try {

this.nonceExpiryTime = new Long(nonceTokens[0]);

http:// } catch (NumberFormatException var7) {

throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceNotNumeric", new Object[]{nonceAsPlainText}, "Nonce token should have yielded a numeric first token, but was {0}"));

}

String expectedNonceSignature = DigestAuthUtils.md5Hex(this.nonceExpiryTime + ":" + entryPointKey);

if (!expectedNonceSignature.equals(nonceTokens[1])) {

throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.nonceCompromised", new Object[]{nonceAsPlainText}, "Nonce token compromised {0}"));

}

}

}

} else {

throw new BadCredentialsException(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.messages.getMessage("DigestAuthenticationFilter.missingMandatory", new Object[]{this.section212response}, "Missing mandatory digest value; received header {0}"));

}

}

//计算服务摘要

String calculateServerDigest(String password, String httpMethod) {

//生产摘要

return DigestAuthUtils.generateDigest(DigestAuthenticationFilter.this.passwordAlreadyEncoded, this.username, this.realm, password, httpMethod, this.uri, this.qop, this.nonce, this.nc, this-once);

}

//判断随机数是否到期

boolean isNonceExpired() {

long now = System.currentTimeMillis();

return this.nonceExpiryTime < now;

}

String getUsername() {

return this.username;

}

String getResponse() {

return this.response;

}

}

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